Different types of loads in engineering mechanics are compression, tension, torsion and bending.
Compression loading is an effect in which the component reduces it size. During compression load there is reduction in volume and increase in density of a component.
Tension is the act of stretching rod, bar, spring, wire, cable etc. that is being pulled from the either ends.
Torsion is the act of twisting of an rod, wire, spring etc. about an axis due to applied couple (torque).
Bending is act of changing component from straight form into a curved or angular form.