petroleum secondary processing 1 min read
Fixed Bed Catalytic Cracking Process
The fixed bed catalytic cracking method is described in the following diagram. The charge is passed through a heater where…
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petroleum secondary processing 3 min read
Types of Fouling
Operational deposits on the hydrocarbon side of a cracking unit will typically be a mixture of organic and inorganic materials…
petroleum secondary processing 3 min read
Catalytic Cracking
Cracking is a process in which large hydrocarbon molecules are broken up “cracked” into smaller, more valuable hydrocarbon molecules. As…
petroleum secondary processing 5 min read
Petroleum coke
Petroleum coke, abbreviated coke or petcoke, is a final carbon-rich solid material that derives from oil refining, and is one type of the group of…
petroleum secondary processing 6 min read
Hydrodesulfurization
Hydrodesulfurization (HDS) is a catalytic chemical process widely used to remove sulfur (S) from natural gas and from refined petroleum products, such as gasoline or petrol, jet fuel, kerosene, diesel fuel, and fuel…
petroleum secondary processing 2 min read
Catalytic Reforming
Catalytic reforming is a process for producing the reformate of high octane gasoline, mainly from heavy straight run naphtha. Features…
petroleum secondary processing 1 min read
Hydrocracking Reaction Systems
The two different reaction systems in hydrocracking, hydrogenation and cracking, are supported by bi-functional catalyst formulations, as illustrated in Figure…
petroleum secondary processing 2 min read
Catalytic Hydrocracking
Catalytic hydrocracking is one of the latest additions to petroleum refining processes, with the first modern commercial unit started up…
petroleum secondary processing 3 min read
Uses of Hydrocracking
In a refinery, hydrocracking complements catalytic cracking by taking on the more aromatic feedstocks that resist cracking, including the byproducts…
petroleum secondary processing 2 min read
Hydrocracking
Hydrocracking is one of the most versatile refining process for converting heavy fuel oil components into naphtha, kerosene, jet fuel,…
petroleum secondary processing 11 min read
FCC catalyst testing
One of the major problems in designing improved FCC catalysts is that it is very difficult to scale down the…
petroleum secondary processing 4 min read
The FCC catalyst material
Structure and composition The FCC process as described above sets a number of demands for catalyst parameters: • Activity, selectivity…
