Immunology 3 min read
Autoimmunity
Figure 1. The Autoimmune Process. The immune response in autoimmune disease recapitulates that of responses directed against infection, except that self…
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Immunology 2 min read
Types of Hypersensitivity Reactions
The response of the host to the presence of foreign substances can trigger four types of hypersensitivity reactions: I. Immediate II. Cytotoxic…
Immunology 3 min read
Allergy and hypersensitivity
Allergy or hypersensitivity occur when the body’s immune system reacts in an exaggerated or inappropriate way to substances in the…
Immunology 6 min read
What are benign tumors?
Benign tumors are noncancerous growths in the body. Unlike cancerous tumors, they don’t spread (metastasize) to other parts of the body.…
Immunology 2 min read
Tumor Antigens
Many tumor cells produce antigens, which may be released in the bloodstream or remain on the cell surface. Any molecule…
Immunology 4 min read
Tumor Immunology Pathway
Tumor immunology refers to the relationship between immune function and tumor cells, which is crucial for our understanding of the…
Immunology 12 min read
Transplant Immunology
Transplantation is the process of moving cells, tissues, or organs, from one site to another, either within the same person…
Immunology 1 min read
Acquired Immunodeficiency Syndrome (AIDS)
Speaker A disease of the immune system due to infection with HIV. HIV destroys the CD4 T lymphocytes (CD4 cells)…
Immunology 1 min read
Immune tolerance
Immune tolerance: A state of unresponsiveness to a specific antigen or group of antigens to which a person is normally responsive.…
Immunology 3 min read
Immunosuppression
Immunosuppression is a reduction of the activation or efficacy of the immune system. Some portions of the immune system itself have immunosuppressive effects on…
Immunology 9 min read
Complement Pathways: Types, Functions and Regulation
The complement system is a part of the immune system, consists of a series of proteins that interact with one…
Immunology 3 min read
Cytokines
Cytokines are a large, diverse family of small proteins or glycoproteins (usually smaller than 30 kDa). Although initially described for their immunomodulatory…