General Concepts 1 min read
FIBRES
Fibres are the basic raw material for any textile industry, technically which is defined as a unit of matter, characterized…
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General Concepts 2 min read
METHODS OF FABRIC FORMING
The most commonly used fabric forming methods are weaving, braiding, knitting, felting, tufting and nonwoven manufacturing. However, major method of…
petroleum secondary processing 2 min read
Thermafor Catalytic Cracking (TCC)
Thermafor (also referred to as “thermofor” in some sources) Cracking Process was introduced for better integration of thermochemistry (endothermic cracking…
petroleum secondary processing 2 min read
Houdry Catalytic Cracking
The first catalytic cracking process was developed as a batch process (McAfee, 1915) shortly after the development of a thermal…
petroleum secondary processing 2 min read
Continuous Catalyst Regeneration
A continuous catalyst regeneration (CCR) scheme for reforming came on stream in 1971. Figure 8.5 shows a flow diagram for the…
petroleum secondary processing 1 min read
Desirable Chemical Reactions
Figure 8.2 illustrates more specifically the desirable chemical reactions of catalytic reforming including: · dehydrogenation of naphthenes to aromatics, · dehydroisomerization of alkyl-C5-naphthenes,…
petroleum secondary processing 2 min read
Chemistry of Catalytic Reforming
Chemistry of Catalytic Reforming The general categories of the desired reactions in catalytic reforming are identified in list below, along…
petroleum secondary processing 1 min read
Moving Bed Catalytic Cracking Process
The moving bed catalytic cracking method is described in the following diagram. Heated oil vapors go up in the reactor…
petroleum secondary processing 1 min read
Fixed Bed Catalytic Cracking Process
The fixed bed catalytic cracking method is described in the following diagram. The charge is passed through a heater where…
petroleum secondary processing 3 min read
Types of Fouling
Operational deposits on the hydrocarbon side of a cracking unit will typically be a mixture of organic and inorganic materials…
