Calibration of the GNSS Receivers — Methods, Results and Evaluation
Ta-Kang Yeh1 [1] Department of Real Estate and Built Environment, National Taipei University, New Taipei City, Taiwan Introduction GNSS (Global Navigation…
Ideas and explainers from across SenseCentral.
Ta-Kang Yeh1 [1] Department of Real Estate and Built Environment, National Taipei University, New Taipei City, Taiwan Introduction GNSS (Global Navigation…
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It is difficult to avoid thunderstorm regions by aircraft, so that on average every commercial airliner is struck by lightning once per year. Defining test and design criteria of aircraft is becoming important since aircraft safety is increasingly dependent on electronic equipment and the development of new materials (carbon composites, etc.) to replace the metallic airframes. In-flight statistics show that most strikes occurred 3-5 km above sea level, where the temperature is ~ 0C (Uman & Rakov, 2003; Larsson, 2002). There are two different types of lightning strikes to aircraft. The first type is that the aircraft initiates the lightning discharge when it is found in the intense electric field region of a thundercloud, and the second is the interception by the aircraft of an approaching lightning leader. The mechanism for lightning initiation by aircraft is often explained using the “bidirectional leader” theory (Clifford & Casemir,…