EU: FUELS: DIESEL AND GASOLINE
HISTORY Systematic fuel quality improvements in the European Union (EU) have historically preceded – and enabled – the successful introduction of more stringent tailpipe emission standards. The EU’s fuel quality…
Bharat stage emission standards
including motor vehicles. The standards and the timeline for implementation are set by the Central Pollution Control Board under the Ministry of Environment, Forest and Climate Change. The standards, based on European regulations were first introduced…
Crude Oil Assay
Intertek can offer a fully customisable Crude Oil Assay service to help our clients meet the challenges of the global oil market. With an ever changing crude slate available globally,…
Petroleum Testing Information
Upstream, midstream, and downstream petroleum production processes For petroleum production, the upstream process is the exploration and production phase, which includes searching for potential underground or underwater crude oil and…
Elemental Analysis and Ternary Classification of Crude Oils
Despite a wide variety of crude oil found in different parts of the earth, the elemental composition of most crude oils changes in narrow ranges, as shown in Table 2.2.…
Properties of Petroleum
Petroleum is the most important substance consumed in modern society. It provides not only fuel and energy for transportation but is also used in plastics, paint, fertilizer, insecticide, medicine, and…
How is Crude Oil Classified?
When crude is discovered, there is no one single variety found. It exists in a number of varying forms, and the composition it is found in determines how it is…
Chemical Constitution of Crude Oil
Crude oil contains organic compounds, heteroatom compounds (S,N,O), hydrocarbons (C, H), metals and organic (Ni, V, Fe) and inorganic (Na+, Ca++, Cl-) compounds as listed in Figure 1.7. Compounds that contain…
4 major types of crude oil
Extracted in its natural unrefined state from the ground, crude oil significantly varies in its consistency and density – from a volatile and relatively thin liquid to a semi-solid and…
Petroleum Production
Production phase aims to the recovery of the reservoir fluids to surface followed by their processing. All production and maintenance activities are carried out to meet strict safety and environmental…
