Delayed Coking
Figure 6.6 shows a flow scheme in a delayed coking progress and a photograph of a delayed coking unit. The derricks above the drums that contain the drill stems are…
Coking
Despite the development of catalytic cracking processes, coking processes have survived as a popular refining process all over the world to refine the heavy end of crudes or heavy oils…
Thermal Cracking
Cracking, in petroleum refining, the process by which heavy hydrocarbon molecules are broken up into lighter molecules by means of heat and usually pressure and sometimes catalysts. Cracking is the most important process for…
Bitumen upgrading
Figure 1. This is an upgrading facility located near Fort McMurray, Alberta, Canada. Bitumen upgrading is the chemical treatment of bitumen that is used in an attempt to increase its value by creating a substitute…
Bitumen
Figure 1. Bitumen is a thick, black crude oil. Bitumen is a low-grade of crude oil which is composed of complex, heavy hydrocarbons. In an oil reservoir, bitumen is a thick, viscous fluid and must be extracted…
The Manufacturing Of Lubricating Oil Process
Lube oil is extracted from crude oil, which undergoes a preliminary purification process (sedimentation) before it is pumped into fractionating towers. A typical high-efficiency fractionating tower, 25 to 35 feet…
Catalytic Dewaxing
Although included under the separation processes, catalytic dewaxing is actually a low-severity conversion process involving a selective catalytic cracking of n-paraffins. Because of removing wax (long chain n-paraffins) by chemical…
Solvent Dewaxing
Figure 5.12 shows a general scheme of solvent dewaxing that uses stage-wise refrigeration of the feedstock after it is mixed with the solvent. The lowest temperature used in the refrigeration…
Dewaxing
Another important separation process in petroleum refining is removal of wax. The process of dewaxing is introduced and discussed in the next sub-section. Figure 5.11 locates the dewaxing process in…
Simplified Flow Diagram of a Deasphalting Process
Simplified Flow Diagram of a Deasphalting Process Figure 5.9 shows a simplified flow diagram of a propane deasphalting process. See a more detailed flow diagram in your textbook along with…
