General Concepts 3 min read
Requirement Of Adequate Ventilation In Process Areas
Process Engineers normally are not directly involved in Heating, Ventilation, Airconditioning (HVAC) requirements of a Chemical Process Plant. HVAC engineering…
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General Concepts 4 min read
Safety Integrity Level (Sil) Definition And Brief Explanation
Most young process engineers have heard the term SIL but not got involved in what SIL is all about. In…
General Concepts 2 min read
Generalized Equation For Crude Oil Working Storage In Refinery Based On Various Factors
Refinery storage of raw materials (mainly crude oil) and finished products is a complex study and involves concepts of linear…
General Concepts 3 min read
Heat Transfer In Buried Liquid Pipelines
When liquids have to be transported at relatively high temperatures, e.g. viscous crudes/products, temperatures and cooling rates can be determined…
General Concepts 2 min read
Natural Gas Teg Dehydration Unit Troubleshooting
Any natural gas processing installation is normally bound to have a gas dehydration unit for the purpose of removal of…
General Concepts 5 min read
Satellite Relay Systems
The use of satellites is a highly developed technology utilized extensively throughout the world. In the past 2 decades, it…
General Concepts 10 min read
Radio navigation Systems
In the 1930s, improved radio direction-finding techniques and better equipment led to the establishment of systems called radio beacons. These…
General Concepts 5 min read
Satellite Navigation and Radiolocation
Halit Eren and C. C. Fung Modern electronic navigation systems can be classified by range, scope, error, and cost. The…
General Concepts 5 min read
Aircraft
The primary navigation aid for civil aircraft flying in the airspace of most of the developed countries is the VOR/DME…
General Concepts 4 min read
Vehicular Inertial Navigation
In modern vehicular navigation, computerized maps and mobile communication equipment are integrated together with inertial and/or other electronic navigation systems.…
General Concepts 4 min read
Errors and Stabilization
Errors In general, inertial navigation is an initial value process in which the location of the navigating object is determined…
General Concepts 5 min read
Gyroscopes
There are two broad categories: (1) mechanical gyroscopes and (2) optical gyroscopes. Within both of these categories, there are many…