General Concepts 10 min read
Exploration and drilling
When 3D seismic investigation has been completed, it is time to drill the well. Normally, dedicated drilling rigs either on…
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The reservoir
The oil and gas bearing structure is typically porous rock, such as sandstone or washed out limestone. The sand may…
General Concepts 4 min read
Crude oil and natural gas
Crude oil Crude oil is a complex mixture consisting of 200 or more different organic compounds, mostly alkanes (single bond…
General Concepts 3 min read
LNG liquefaction and regasification facilities
Natural gas that is mainly methane cannot be compressed to liquid state at normal ambient temperature. Except for special uses…
General Concepts 1 min read
Pipelines
Pipelines can measure anywhere from 6 to 48 inches (15-120 cm) in diameter. In order to ensure their efficient and…
General Concepts 2 min read
Gas Plants
Gas processing consists of separating the various hydrocarbons and fluids from the pure natural gas to produce what is known…
General Concepts 5 min read
Upstream process sections
We will go through each section in detail in the following chapters. The summary below is an introductory synopsis of…
General Concepts 5 min read
Offshore Production
A whole range of different structures is used offshore, depending on size and water depth. In the last few years,…
General Concepts 2 min read
Onshore Production
Onshore production is economically viable from a few dozen barrels of oil a day and upward. Oil and gas is…
General Concepts 2 min read
Production
This illustration gives an overview of typical oil and gas production facilities: Although there is a wide range of sizes…
General Concepts 1 min read
Exploration
In the past, surface features such as tar seeps or gas pockmarks provided initial clues to the location of shallow…
General Concepts 8 min read
Polymers and Polymerization Reactions
Prior to the early 1920’s, chemists doubted the existence of molecules having molecular weights greater than a few thousand. This…