Outline of the petroleum refining model

The refinery flow shown above includes all the major secondary refining units in addition to CDU. In particular, since the demand shift to lighter fractions is anticipated to accelerate in the future, three types of cracking units, i.e. hydrocracking, catalytic cracking, and thermal cracking were introduced into the model, with catalytic cracking further divided into FCC and R-FCC. Concerning the capacity settings for each refining unit for each country/region, the Oil & Gas Journal forecasts by process type were used as a basis, with other references factored in. Particularly for Asia, field survey results were also taken into consideration to improve accuracy. The operating costs for each type of refining unit was calculated from the unit consumption of utilities (fuel, electricity, steam, and hydrogen) and the chemicals required