Basics 5 min read
Bone Tissue
Bones are considered organs because they contain various types of tissue, such as blood, connective tissue, nerves, and bone tissue.…
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Basics 20 min read
The Musculoskeletal System
Figure 19.1. Improvements in the design of prostheses have allowed for a wider range of activities in recipients. (credit: modification…
Basics 4 min read
Organs with Secondary Endocrine Functions
There are several organs whose primary functions are non-endocrine but that also possess endocrine functions. These include the heart, kidneys,…
Basics 9 min read
Endocrine Glands
Both the endocrine and nervous systems use chemical signals to communicate and regulate the body’s physiology. The endocrine system releases…
Basics 3 min read
Regulation of Hormone Production
Hormone production and release are primarily controlled by negative feedback. In negative feedback systems, a stimulus elicits the release of…
Basics 10 min read
Hormonal Control of Blood Calcium Levels
Regulation of blood calcium concentrations is important for generation of muscle contractions and nerve impulses, which are electrically stimulated. If…
Basics 7 min read
Hormonal Regulation of Metabolism
Blood glucose levels vary widely over the course of a day as periods of food consumption alternate with periods of…
Basics 8 min read
Regulation of Body Processes by Hormones
Hormones have a wide range of effects and modulate many different body processes. The key regulatory processes that will be…
Basics 7 min read
How Hormones Work ?
Hormones mediate changes in target cells by binding to specific hormone receptors. In this way, even though hormones circulate throughout the…
Basics 6 min read
The Endocrine System
Figure 18.1. The process of amphibian metamorphosis, as seen in the tadpole-to-frog stages shown here, is driven by hormones. (credit…
Basics 25 min read
Hearing and Vestibular Sensation
Audition, or hearing, is important to humans and to other animals for many different interactions. It enables an organism to…
Basics 6 min read
Pheromones
A pheromone is a chemical released by an animal that affects the behavior or physiology of animals of the same species. Pheromonal…