Basics 8 min read
How Neurons Communicate ?
All functions performed by the nervous system—from a simple motor reflex to more advanced functions like making a memory or…
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Basics 4 min read
Types of Neurons
There are different types of neurons, and the functional role of a given neuron is intimately dependent on its structure.…
Basics 7 min read
The Nervous System
Figure 16.1. An athlete’s nervous system is hard at work during the planning and execution of a movement as precise…
Basics 4 min read
Digestive System Regulation
The brain is the control center for the sensation of hunger and satiety. The functions of the digestive system are…
Basics 8 min read
Digestive System Processes
Obtaining nutrition and energy from food is a multi-step process. For true animals, the first step is ingestion, the act…
Basics 4 min read
Food Energy and ATP
Animals need food to obtain energy and maintain homeostasis. Homeostasis is the ability of a system to maintain a stable…
Basics 8 min read
Nutrition and Energy Production
Given the diversity of animal life on our planet, it is not surprising that the animal diet would also vary…
Basics 11 min read
Parts of the Digestive System
The vertebrate digestive system is designed to facilitate the transformation of food matter into the nutrient components that sustain organisms.…
Basics 3 min read
Vertebrate Digestive Systems
Vertebrates have evolved more complex digestive systems to adapt to their dietary needs. Some animals have a single stomach, while…
Basics 2 min read
Invertebrate Digestive Systems
Animals have evolved different types of digestive systems to aid in the digestion of the different foods they consume. The…
Basics 4 min read
Animal Nutrition and the Digestive System
Figure 15.1. For humans, fruits and vegetables are important in maintaining a balanced diet. (credit: modification of work by Julie…