Basics 2 min read
Neural Control of Thermoregulation
The nervous system is important to thermoregulation, as illustrated in Figure 14.23. The processes of homeostasis and temperature control are centered in…
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Basics 4 min read
Endotherms and Ectotherms
Animals can be divided into two groups: some maintain a constant body temperature in the face of differing environmental temperatures,…
Basics 4 min read
Negative Feedback Mechanisms
Any homeostatic process that changes the direction of the stimulus is a negative feedback loop. It may either increase or decrease…
Basics 3 min read
Nervous Tissues
Nervous tissues are made of cells specialized to receive and transmit electrical impulses from specific areas of the body and…
Basics 2 min read
Muscle Tissues
There are three types of muscle in animal bodies: smooth, skeletal, and cardiac. They differ by the presence or absence…
Basics 3 min read
Connective Tissues
Connective tissues are made up of a matrix consisting of living cells and a non-living substance, called the ground substance. The…
Basics 5 min read
Animal Primary Tissues
Multicellular, complex animals have four primary types of tissue: epithelial, connective, muscle, and nervous. Recall that tissues are groups of…
Basics 3 min read
Animal Body Planes and Cavities
A standing vertebrate animal can be divided by several planes. A sagittal plane divides the body into right and left portions. A midsagittal…
Basics 7 min read
The Animal Body: Basic Form and Function
Figure 14.1 An arctic fox is a complex animal, well adapted to its environment. It changes coat color with the…
