Basics 16 min read
Circulatory and Respiratory Systems
Animals are complex multicellular organisms that require a mechanism for transporting nutrients throughout their bodies and removing wastes. The human…
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Basics 8 min read
Digestive System
All living organisms need nutrients to survive. While plants can obtain nutrients from their roots and the energy molecules required…
Basics 5 min read
Excretory System
The human excretory system functions to remove waste from the body through the skin as sweat, the lungs in the…
Basics 8 min read
Introduction to the Body’s Systems
Figure 11.1 An arctic fox is a complex animal, well adapted to its environment. (credit: Keith Morehouse, USFWS) The arctic…
Basics 4 min read
Proteomics
Proteins are the final products of genes that perform the function encoded by the gene. Proteins are composed of amino…
Basics 2 min read
Genomics in Forensic Analysis & Agriculture
Genomics in Forensic Analysis Information and clues obtained from DNA samples found at crime scenes have been used as evidence…
Basics 2 min read
Metagenomics
Traditionally, microbiology has been taught with the view that microorganisms are best studied under pure culture conditions, which involves isolating…
Basics 1 min read
Pharmacogenomics
Pharmacogenomics involves evaluating the effectiveness and safety of drugs on the basis of information from an individual’s genomic sequence. Personal…
Basics 6 min read
Whole Genome Sequencing
Although there have been significant advances in the medical sciences in recent years, doctors are still confounded by many diseases…
Basics 3 min read
Genomics and Proteomics
The study of nucleic acids began with the discovery of DNA, progressed to the study of genes and small fragments,…