Introduction to Legal aspects of Air traffic management based on satellite navigation
“Air Traffic Control’s primary objective is to ensure flight safety: pilots in their cockpit are to a large extent « blind » to the exterior world and, given the aircraft speed and trajectory complexity, it is necessary to control them from the ground in order to make sure that of course there are no accidents, but also to ensure the overall fluidity and efficiency of traffic flows. Air Traffic Control (ATC) is based on two main pillars: “surveillance”, which enables ground operators to know precisely where the aircraft are, and the “controller”, who manages the safety of flights .Ever since the implementation of radars in the 70s-80s as…
Introduction to Development of a Time-Space Diagram to Assist ATC in Monitoring
Continuous Descent Approaches Continuous Descent Approaches (CDA) have shown to result in considerable reductions of aircraft noise during the approach phase of the flight (Erkelens, 2002). Due to uncertainties in aircraft behaviour, Air Traffic Control (ATC) tends to increase the minimum spacing interval in these approaches, leading to considerable reductions of runway capacity (Clarke, 2000). To enable the application of such procedures in higher traffic volumes, research has advanced in the creation of airborne tools and 4-dimensional prediction algorithms. Little research has addressed the problem of sequencing and merging aircraft in such an ap- proach, however. In this chapter we present the Time-Space Diagram (TSD) display that shows the aircraft along-track distance to the runway versus the time. On this display, the in-trail separation is presented as the horizontal distance between two predictions. It is hy- pothesised that this display will enable the air traffic controller to meter, sequence and merge aircraft flying a CDA at higher traffic volumes. In this chapter, the TSD will be introduced and the effects of various common separation techniques on the predictions of the display are discussed in detail. The display is currently being evaluated by actual air traffic controllers in a simulated traffic scenario to provide an initial validation of the design.…
Introduction to Investigating requirements for the design of a 3D weather visualization environment for air traffic controllers
This chapter involves a long-term investigation into the applicability of three-dimensional (3D) interfaces for Air Traffic Control Officers (ATCOs). This investigation is part of collaboration between EUROCONTROL Experimental Centre (EEC) and the Norrköping Visualization and Interaction Studio (NVIS) of Linköping University in which a test-bed was developed in order to evaluate the different features of a 3D interface for ATCOs. This test- bed, known as the 3D-Air Traffic Control (3D-ATC) application, provides controllers with a detailed semi-immersive stereoscopic 3D representation of air traffic. Different aspects of the 3D-ATC application include 3D visualization and interactive resolution …
Introduction to Time-based Spaced Continuous Descent
Approaches in busy Terminal Manoeuvring Areas Mitigation of aircraft noise for approaching aircraft is an area where considerable improve- ments are still possible through the introduction of noise abatement procedures, such as the Continuous Descent Approach (CDA) (Erkelens, 2000). One of the main issues when imple- menting CDAs is their negative effect on runway throughput, especially during busy oper- ations in daytime. A reduction in landing time intervals might be achieved through precise inter arrival spacing. The combination of aircraft performing the CDA controlled by precise spacing algorithms is seen as one of the solutions to safely increase runway throughput, re- duce delay times for arriving aircraft, and reducing fuel burn, emissions and noise impact (De Gaay Fortman et al., 2007; De Leege et al., 2009;…
Introduction to The potential of some of the innovative operational procedures for increasing the airport landing capacity
Despite continuous efforts by the air transport system operators, regulators, and researchers (academic and consultants), the problem of providing sufficient airport runway capacity to match continuously growing demand safely, efficiently, and effectively has had rather limited success. A[art from growing demand, the specific environmental (mainly noise) constraints at many large airports both in US and Europe have prevented the full utilization of the designed runway capacity. The sharp concentration of atms (air transport movements) (one atm corresponds to one landing or one take off) within the rather short time periods at the hub airports due to operating the hub-and-spoke networks has created sharp peaks causing further already existing imbalance between demand and the available runway capacity. At some other airports one of which is, for …
Introduction to Link Capacity Dimensioning
Model of ATS Ground Voice Network Apart from a number of new technologies which are currently implemented in air traffic control for the exchange of messages the ground/ground (G/G) voice communication is still very significant and is currently irreplaceable. The problem regarding introduction of new technologies that would replace voice communication lies in insufficient development and…
Introduction to Stability of switched stochastic nonlinear systems
Hybrid systems are digital real-time systems which are embedded in analog environment. Analog part of the hybrid system is described with differential equations and discrete part of the hybrid systems is an event driven dynamics which can be described using concept from discrete event systems (Cassandras & Lafortune, 2008) and (Tabuada, 2009). In this paper we will consider the switched systems which can be viewed as higher-level abstraction of hybrid systems (Liberzon, 2003) and (Sun & Ge, 2005).We model each subsystem of a switched system by differential equation. There are two ways for analysis of stability of switched deterministic systems. The first one…
Introduction to Dynamic Airspace Management
Models and Algorithms Global air transport has been growing for decades and is expected to continue increasing in the future. The development of the air transport system has significantly increased the demands on airspace system resources. During the past several years, the operational concept of Dynamic Airspace Management has been developed to balance the mushrooming demands and limited airspace resources. The Dynamic Airspace Management is an important approach to extend limited airspace re- sources by using them more efficiently and more flexibly. Under the Dynamic Airspace Man-…
Machmeter
Article InformationCategory:Flight TechnicalContent source:SKYbraryContent control:SKYbrary Definition A machmeter is an instrument which…
