Develop Potential Alternatives
Recognizing the limiting factor in a given situation makes it possible to narrow down the search for alternatives and make the best decision possible with the information, resources, and time available. Some methods for developing alternatives are: Brainstorming, where a group works together to generate ideas and alternative solutions. Nominal group technique is a method that involves the use of a highly structured meeting, complete with an agenda, and restricts discussion or Interpersonal communication during the decision‐making process. Delphi technique where the participants do not meet, but a group leader uses…
Identify Limiting Factors
In order to choose the best alternative and make a decision every manager needs to have the ideal resources — information, time, personnel, equipment, and supplies. But this is an ideal situation and may not always be possible. A limiting factor is something that stands in the way of accomplishing a desired objective.
Define the Problem
The first step in the process of decision making is the recognition or identification of the problem, and recognizing that a decision needs to be taken. It is important to accurately define the problem. Managers can do this by identifying the problem separately from its symptoms. Studying the symptoms helps getting closer to the root cause of the problem.
The Changing Roles of Management and Managers
Every organization has three primary interpersonal roles that are concerned with interpersonal relationships. The manager in the figurehead role represents the organization in all matters of formality. The top-level manager represents the company legally and socially to the outside world that the organization interacts with. In the supervisory role, the manager represents his team to the higher management. He acts as a liaison between the higher management and his team. He also maintains contact with his peers outside the organization.
Types of Decisions
Decision making and problem solving is a continuous process of analyzing and considering various alternatives in various situations, choosing the most appropriate course of action and following them up with the necessary actions. There are two basic types of decisions Programmed Decisions Non-programmed Decisions Programmed Decisions Programmed decisions are those that are made using standard operating procedures or other well-defined methods. They are situations that are routine and occur frequently. Organizations come up with specific ways to handle them. Programmed decisions are effective for day-to-day issues such as requests for leave or permissions by employees. Once the decision is taken, the program specifies processes or procedures to be followed when similar situation arises. Creating such programed routines lead to the formulation of rules, procedures and policies, which becomes a standard in the organization. Non-programmed…
Nature and Significance
Decision making is an integral part of every aspect of life. This also applies to organizations. It is one of the key factors that pave the way for its success or failure. Every manager is required to execute decisions at various levels of the management cycle beginning from planning to control. It is the effectiveness and quality of those decisions that determine how successful a manager is. Without decision making, different managerial functions such as planning, organizing, directing, controlling, and staffing cannot be conducted. Decision making is a cumulative and consultative process, and should support organizational growth. The main function of every management is making the right decisions and seeing them through to their logical end through execution. Every management decision also affects employee morale and performance, ultimately influencing the overall business performance. The importance of decision making in management is immense, as the business policy and strategies adopted ultimately affects the company's output and Performance. Decision making is the coherent and rational process of identifying a set of feasible alternatives and choosing a course of action from them.
Organizational Commitment
Organizational commitment is the emotional or psychological attachment people have toward the company they work for. A highly committed employee identifies completely with the organizations’ objectives and is willing to put in whatever effort it takes to meet them. Such an employee will be willing to remain with the organization and grow with it. Factors Contributing to Job Satisfaction and Organizational…
Job Satisfaction
The feelings people have toward their job. It is probably the most important job attitude and denotes how satisfied an employee is at his work. A person with high job satisfaction appears to hold generally positive attitude, and one who is dissatisfied holds negative attitude towards their job.
Positive Work Attitude
Positive work attitude is extremely important because it fosters productive thinking and leads to productive working. A positive person is more approachable and easily builds constructive relationships, which are essential in building cohesive teams. The two job attitudes that have the greatest potential to influence how an individual behaves at work are – Job Satisfaction and Organizational Commitment. People consider and evaluate their work environment based on several factors like the nature of the job, the rapport and relationship they share with their superiors and peers, how they are treated in the organization and the level of stress the job involves. Work attitudes that have the greatest potential to influence how an employee behaves are job satisfaction and organizational commitment.
