Secondary Injury
The initial trauma to the brain that kills or damages nerve cells is only the first step in a drawn-out and complex cascade of events that cause further cell death. Immediately after…
Traumatic brain injury
Traumatic brain injury, any damage to the brain from an applied force. The forces involved can be from direct contact, as in a blunt or penetrating head injury; from a gravitational source such…
The study of structure
Living things are defined in terms of the activities or functions that are missing in nonliving things. The life processes of every organism are carried out by specific materials assembled…
Diversity
Despite the basic biological, chemical, and physical similarities found in all living things, a diversity of life exists not only among and between species but also within every natural population. The phenomenon of diversity has…
Biology
Biology, study of living things and their vital processes. The field deals with all the physicochemical aspects of life. The modern tendency toward cross-disciplinary research and the unification of scientific knowledge and investigation…
Neural Engineering
How does the brain instruct us to breathe ten times per minute? What controls this respiratory rhythm? How do neurons communicate and coordinate their activity? Understanding how the brain…
Hyperpolarized Carbon-13 Pyruvate Magnetic Resonance Imaging
Magnetic resonance imaging of cancer metabolism Hyperpolarization is the nuclear spin polarization of material in a magnetic field far beyond thermal equilibrium conditions determined by the Boltzmann distribution. The signal…
Exploring Brain Function with Magnetic Resonance Imaging
Types of Brain Imaging Techniques Advancements in brain imaging using non-invasive technologies such as functional magnetic resonance imaging (fMRI), magnetoencephalography (MEG) and electroencephalography (EEG) have allowed neuroscientists to obtain a greater understanding on how…
Artificial Intelligence in Cancer Imaging
Artificial Intelligence: The Future of Medical Imaging Radiology can trace its roots back to the Nobel Laureate Wilhelm Conrad Röntgen who discovered x-rays in 1895. Consequently, this discovery led to the…
Recent Advances In Ultrasound Imaging Technology
Diagnostic and Therapeutic Ultrasound Imaging The National Health Service in England carried out 42.1 million imaging tests in the year to March 2017 compared with 40.7 million in the previous…
