Biomechanics of Bone
Introduction Bone is a living tissue capable of altering its shape and mechanical behaviour by changing its structure to withstand the stresses to which it is subjected. Bones form the…
Bio signal Processing
Biological signals, or bio signals, are space, time, or space-time records of a biological event such as a beating heart or a contracting muscle. The electrical, chemical, and mechanical activity…
Biopotential Measurements
Biopotential measurements are made using different kinds of specialized electrodes. The function of these recording electrodes is to couple the ionic potentials generated inside the body to an electronic instrument.…
Biomedical Sensors
Introduction Diagnostic bioinstrumentation is used routinely in clinical medicine and biological research for measuring a wide range of physiological variables. Generally, the measurement is derived from sensors or transducers and…
Bioinstrumentation
Introduction This chapter provides basic information about bioinstrumentation and electric circuit theory used in other chapters. Many biomedical instruments use a transducer or sensor to convert a signal created by…
Biochemical Reactions and Enzyme Kinetics
Chemical Reactions Consider the following single-stage chemical reaction in which chemicals A and B react to form the product P, with reaction rate constant K. Equation (8.1) is known as…
Compartmental Modelling
Introduction Compartmental modelling describes the movement of a substance from one compartment to another. Its origins are based on the metabolism of tracer-labelled compound studies in the 1920s. As we…
Biological Considerations
Stem Cells It is now thought that essentially all tissues contain stem cell populations that can produce cellular progeny that differentiate into mature tissue phenotypes. The maturational process includes two…
Hepatic, Neural, and Cardiovascular Cell Therapies
Other forms of cell therapies are being developed to treat complex tissues such as the liver, brain, and heart. It is difficult to obtain and culture the main cell types…
Cartilage and Chondrocytes
Cartilage is an unusual tissue in that it is avascular, alymphatic, and aneural. It consists mostly of extracellular matrix in which chondrocytes are dispersed at low densities on the order…
