Equipment for Land Grading
Land levelling involves cutting, moving and filling earth material, where cut and fill areas separated by some distance. Land levelling is performed in 5 to 10 years period. Land grading…
Contour Bench Levelling and Earthwork Quantities Computation
In this lesson, purpose of construction of contour benches, its design and computation of earth work quantities are presented. Irrigation in undulating fields and steep slope is a very difficult…
Land Leveling Methods
A precise land leveling improves irrigation and energy efficiency. This also reduces labor requirement for water application. A properly leveled land can be properly irrigated and excess water can be…
Land Grading Survey and Design
Land grading is the operation carried out to reshape the land by cutting, filling and smoothing to a designed continuous surface grade. The uniform grade is needed to control flow…
Design and Operation of Underground Pipeline System
Design of Underground Pipeline Systems The design of underground pipe line system requires information on land topography, location of water source and water discharge. Pump stands must be of high…
Underground Pipeline Systems
Water is conveyed from the water source to the cropped field using networks of open channels and or pipe lines. Pipe lines have several advantages over open channels. A properly…
Structures for Diversions and Channel Crossings
Water from the farm irrigation channel is diverted to branch channels or into field channels by means of junction boxes, and gates and siphons. These structures are used as water…
On Farm Structures for Water Conveyance
It is necessary that the flow of irrigation water in the water conveyance system is always under control. Water control structures are therefore required for water conveyance system to control…
Design of Open Channel
Introduction Open Channel is a passage through which water flows and has upper surface exposed to atmosphere. Open channel design involves determining cross-section dimensions of the channel for the amount…
Open Channel Flow
There are two kinds of flow: Open channel and pipe. These flows differ in many ways. The important difference is that open channel flow has free water surface whereas pipe…
