Types of Watersheds
Definition of Drainage Basin It is defined as, “any portion of the earth's surface within a physical boundary defined by topographic slopes that divert all runoff to the same drainage…
Infiltration
Water is constantly evaporated from the earth, and is precipitated back on the earth, mainly in the form of rainfall. One part of this rainfall sinks into the ground, forming…
Evapotranspiration
Transpiration Transpiration consists of the vaporization of liquid water contained in plant tissues and the vapour removal to the atmosphere. Crops predominately lose their water through stomata. These are small…
Evaporation
Evaporation Process Evaporation includes all processes by which water returns to the atmosphere as water vapour: evaporation of intercepted rain and snow; evaporation from bare soil and water bodies, such…
Interception and Depression Storage
Interception Interception is the removal of water that wets and adheres to plant foliage, buildings, and other objects above ground surface. This water is subsequently removed from the surface through…
Frequency Analysis of Point Rainfall
Storms of high intensity and varying durations occur from time to time. However, the probability of these heavy rainfalls varies with locality. The first step in designing engineering projects dealing…
Estimation of Mean Areal Rainfall
A single point precipitation measurement is quite often not representative of the volume of precipitation falling over a given catchment area. The representative precipitation over a defined area is required in…
Consistency of Rainfall Record
Precipitation puts water in the watershed. Precipitation measurements help determine water availability for evaporation and streamflow, and the risk of forest fires, landslides, and soil erosion. Precipitation is liquid (rain)…
Estimation of Missing Rainfall Data
Estimating Missing Data The point observation from a precipitation gage may have a short break in the record because of instrument failure or absence of the observer. Thus, it is…
Presentation of Rainfall Data
A few commonly used methods of presentation of rainfall data which have beenfound to be useful in interpretation and analysis of such data are given below: Mass Curve of Rainfall…
