Rainfall Measurement
Introduction Mostly estimates of runoff are made based on rainfall data, amount and intensity of rainfall should be known by measurement. Rainfall data is also required for calculating irrigation requirements.…
Forms and Types of Precipitation
Forms of Precipitation Precipitation occurs in many forms e.g. drizzle, rain, glaze, sleet, snow, hail, dew and frost, depending upon the causes and temperature at the time of formation. Dew…
Introduction to Hydrology
Definition of Hydrology Hydro means water, and logy means study. Therefore, in a broad sense hydrology can be defined as a study of water. A more practical definition is given…
Fresh Water and its Management in India
India is likely to face a major challenge in the management of freshwater in view of rapidly rising population and increasing agricultural, industrial and other requirements. As the economy of…
Water Resources Availability and Requirements of India
“Water is probably the only natural resource to touch all aspects of human civilization – from agricultural and industrial development to cultural and religious values embedded in society”(USSR, 1978). Global…
Precision planting
Precision planters provide accurate placement of single seeds at equal intervals within rows; the rows are usually spaced widely enough to allow cultivation (Figure 9.4). Precision planters are available in…
Drilling
A drill seeder is illustrated in Figure 9.2. Typically, for each row, the seeds are metered from a hopper by a ground-driven fluted wheel past an adjustable gate that controls…
Broadcast seeding
A centrifugal broadcast seeder is shown in Figure 9.1. The seed is metered from a hopper through a variable orifice. An agitator is provided above the orifice to prevent bridging…
Crop Planting
The growth of a new crop begins with the planting of seed or transplanting of seedlings. After planting, seeds must survive on energy stored within the seed until germination occurs…
Mechanical properties of soils
Shear strength If a soil specimen is subjected to shear stress the shear stress-strain diagram may look like one of the curves in Figure 8.25, depending upon the soil conditions.…
