Data Presentation
Ultrasonic data can be collected and displayed in a number of different formats. The three most common formats are know in the NDT world as A-scan, B-scan and C-scan presentations. Each presentation mode provides a…
Angle Beam Probe Selection
Angle Beam Probe Selection The various types of ultrasonic transducers used in flaw detection applications were discussed in Section 4.1. In construction weld inspection, angle beam probes are the primary tool, supplemented…
Straight Beam Tests
Straight beam testing is generally employed to find cracks or delaminations parallel to the surface of a test piece, as well as voids and porosity. It may use contact, delay…
Ultrasonic Examination – Time of Flight Diffraction (TOFD)
Time of flight diffraction is one of the most advanced techniques of ultrasound examination. The method is based on the phenomenon of diffraction of the ultrasonic waves that create virtual…
Ultrasonic Testing – Pulse-Echo Method
The method is based on mechanical waves (ultrasound) generated by a piezo-magnetically excited element at a frequency typically in the range between 2 and 5 MHz. Control involves the transmission,…
Ultrasonic Transducers for Nondestructive Testing
The high-frequency sound waves used for flaw detection and thickness gaging in ultrasonic nondestructive testing applications are generated and received by small probes called ultrasonic transducers. Transducers are the starting…
A Smart Eddy Current Sensor Dedicated to the Nondestructive Evaluation
Non-destructive testing (NDT) is one of the most common and powerful techniques employed in the inspection of materials during their manufacture or use. When dealing with an electrically conductive body,…
History of NDT-Instrumentation
For more than 50 years I am personally closely connected with Nondestructive Testing (NDT). During this period after World War II the emerging modern industry needed more and more testing…
INFRARED THERMOGRAPHY AS A NON-DESTRUCTIVE TOOL
Introduction Infrared thermography for non-destructive testing and evaluation (NDT & E) aims at the detection of subsurface features (i.e. subsurface defects, anomalies, etc.), owing to temperature differences (DT) observed on the investigated…
Contact vs. Noncontact Measurement
Define Your Needs First Understanding the target is as important as hitting it. Your operation’s requirements on accuracy, speed and price will work as opposing forces in the decision-making process.…
