Benefits and Uses of Hydrotherapy
Here's a look at several findings from the available research on the potential health benefits of hydrotherapy: Osteoarthritis In a study published in Clinical Rehabilitation in 2018, researchers compared the effectiveness of…
Types of Hydrotherapy
Hydrotherapy is the use of water, both internally and externally and at varying temperatures, for health purposes. Also known as water therapy, hydrotherapy includes such treatments as saunas, steam baths, foot…
ASTM Petroleum Test Methods
ASTM test methods for the full range of petroleum and petroleum refined products are available from Intertek on a global basis. ASTM test methods are petroleum industry standards, accepted worldwide for quality and reliability.…
Reflux and Reflux Ratio
Reflux is the ratio between the amounts of material that returned to the distillation column to the material that result at distillation. In order to increase the degree of separation…
Vacuum distillation is a key part of the petroleum refining process
Source: Reproduced with permission from Valero Energy Corporation. About 80% of the refineries operating in the United States have a vacuum distillation unit (VDU), a secondary processing unit consisting of vacuum distillation columns.…
Crude oil desalting
Removing salts and solids from crude oil is critical to refinery production efficiency. This put high demands on the heat exchangers. Proper cooling of effluent water is also required for…
What does this signal for crude oil?
Very clearly, it suggests an up-move in the price of crude oil. The United States and China are the two top consumers of crude oil, followed by Japan and India.…
Inverted Yield Curve
On 14th Aug 2019, the 10 -year US Treasury bond yield fell below the yield on two-year bonds, creating an Inverted Yield curve. This scenario occurred for the first time…
