Christmas Tree or Wellhead?
In the complicated but vital industry of drawing oil and gas out of the earth and getting it to the surface, people often get confused about the difference between a…
Wellhead
A wellhead is an equipment installed at the surface of a completed oil or a gas well that provides a structural and pressure containing interface for the drilling and production…
NATURAL FLOW PERFORMANCE
The most important parameters that are used to evaluate performance or behavior of petroleum fluids flowing from an upstream point (in reservoir) to a downstream point (at surface) are pressure…
Areal or Pattern Sweep Efficiency (E)
Areal sweep efficiency of an oil recovery process depends primarily on two factors: the flooding pattern and the mobilities of the fluids in the reservoir. In the early work on…
FLUID MOVEMENT IN WATERFLOODED RESERVOIRS
Many of the principles discussed in this section also apply to immiscible gas injection, primary recovery by gravity drainage, and natural bottom-water drive. However, because of the importance of waterflooding…
Material Balance Equations in Oil or Combination Reservoirs
When discovered, a reservoir may contain oil, gas, and water that can be intermingled or segregated into zones. As described earlier, recovery may be caused by solution gas drive, water…
Empirical Estimates of Primary Oil Recovery
Several attempts have been made to correlate primary oil recovery with reservoir parameters from water-drive reservoirs, a statistical study yielded the following empirical relationship for primary oil recovery: where NP…
Petroleum Reservoir
Accumulations of oil and gas occur in underground traps that are formed by structural and/or stratigraphic features. A reservoir is the portion of the trap that contains the oil and/or…
Important Pressure Transient Analysls Equations
In the equation for skin factor during the pressure buildup, P, is measured just before shutting in the well, and plhr is obtained from the straight-line portion (extrapolated if necessary)…
Effective Penneabllitles
In the previous section, "Absolute Permeability," it was stated that permeability at 100% saturation of a fluid (other than gases at low pressure) is a characteristic of the rock and…
