The Zone near the Well, the Sandface, and the Well Completion
The zone surrounding a well is important. First, even without any man-made disturbance, converging, radial flow results in a considerable pressure drop around the wellbore and, as will be demonstrated…
Permeability
The presence of a substantial porosity usually (but not always) implies that pores will be interconnected. Therefore the porous medium is also “permeable.” The property that describes the ability of…
Areal Extent
Favorable conclusions on the porosity, reservoir height, fluid saturations, and pressure (and implied phase distribution) of a petroleum reservoir, based on single well measurements, are insufficient for both the decision…
Classification of Reservoirs
All hydrocarbon mixtures can be described by a phase diagram such as the one shown in Figure 1-3. Plotted are temperature (x axis) and pressure (y axis). A specific point…
Components of the Petroleum Production System
The reservoir consists of one or several interconnected geological flow units. While the shape of a well and converging flow have created in the past the notion of radial flow…
Meteoric Water Flow and Diagenesis
The introduction of meteoric water has a profound effect on carbonate sediments and their potential as reservoir rocks. A proportion of the rainwater (meteoric water) falling on land infiltrates into…
Pelagic Carbonate
Pelagic carbonate deposits consist largely of planktonic organisms (coccolithophores, foraminifera, pteropods etc.) which live in the upper part of the water column, sinking to the bottom when they die. How…
Modern Environments of Carbonate Sedimentation
From a sedimentological point of view a reef may be defined as a laterally restricted body of carbonate rock whose composition and relationship with the surrounding sediments suggest that the…
Geological Range
Foraminifera range from the Cambrian to Recent. Most of the Lower and Middle Palaeozoic forms had an agglutinated test whereas calcareous forms were most common in late Palaeozoic and later…
Geochemistry of Carbonate Minerals
Carbonate minerals consist of CO2− 3 and one or more cations. The most common cations in carbonate minerals together with their mineral names are listed in Table 5.1. The common…
