ASH SCREW COOLER
1.1. Bottom Ash is discharge from the bottom of the combustor to maintain the required inventory. Higher bed pressure drop as an indication of accumulation of over size particle-mostly stones, shale, and agglomerated…
DESIGN OF HEATING SURFACES
The first step in the design of heating surfaces is determining the heat duties of different components of the boiler heating surfaces. Atypical boiler would use the following four types…
PRINCIPLE OF CIRCULATION
1. Principles of Circulation Subcooled FW enters the drum, mixes with the circulating boiler water, and attains saturation temperature instantly, as the boiling, circulating water is several times the incoming…
Boiler Feedwater Pump Balancing Line
Due to pressure difference across the pump there is always thrust on the rotor toward suction side of pump due to fluid. Therefore, there balancing system is required. Balancing drum…
Working Principle of Supercritical Steam Generators
Working Principles of Supercritical Steam Generator — Supercritical boilers have been popular since the mid-20th century. Since then until now, this boiler is very popularly applied to power plants, replacing…
Boiler Design Step
STEP-1 Received data from customer Steam output, feedwater inlet Fuel analysis, boiler type Power plant heat balance STEP-2 Boiler Thermal Sizing: Combustion, efficiency, steam output calculation, Furnace, Back pass & Cyclone sizing,…
WHAT IS PIPING ENGINEERING
Piping engineering is a specialised branch of engineering dealing with design & layouts of piping network along with the Equipment in a process plant. These layouts from a complete blueprint…
Introduction to Plant Management and Economics
15.1 COST OF EQUIPMENT The cost of equipment may be obtained in two ways: (a) by estimation and (b) the purchased price. Cost estimation is required when the equipment is…
Introduction to Miscellaneous
14.1 STARTUP Any plant operation can be divided into three types of operating steps, namely, startup, production, and shutdown. Startup and shutdown operations are unsteady state and unproductive operations. Usually,…
Instrumentation and Control in a Refi nery
13.1 CONTROL HARDWARE Modern chemical plants are automatically controlled with the objective of achieving the highest productivity with minimum human intervention. Both the process control logic and strategies of control…
