Ratio and proportion
The ratio of one quantity to another is a fraction, and is the number of times one quantity is contained in another quantity of the same kind. If one quantity…
Order of precedence and brackets
When a particular arithmetic operation is to be performed first, the numbers and the operator(s) are placed in brackets. Thus 3 times the result of 6 minus 2 is written…
Highest common factors and lowest common multiples
When two or more numbers are multiplied together, the individual numbers are called factors. Thus a factor is a number which divides into another number exactly. The highest common factor…
Allotropic Forms of Pure Iron
Allotropic Forms of Pure Iron - we know that pure substances may exist in more than one crystalline form. Each such crystalline form is stable over more or less well…
Structure of Solids
Structure of Solids - All solid substances are either amorphous solids or crystalline solids. In the amorphous solids, the atoms are arranged chaotically, i.e., the atoms are not arranged in…
Pig iron and its manufacturing
Pig iron is the crude form of iron and is used as a raw material for the production of various other ferrous metals, such as cast iron, wrought iron and…
