Operation of the turbo charger on a diesel engine
In a four stroke engine, exhaust gases flow from each cylinder into the exhaust manifold and then past the turbine blades of the turbo charger. With the engine running at…
Air supply
Turbo charging A turbo charger (sometimes called a turbo blower) can be fitted to both two and four stroke engines to increase the volumetric efficiency and thus their power output.…
Firing Order
Most marine engines have several cylinders for more power and smoothness. (The cylinders are identified by numbering them in order, from the front of the crankshaft (inboard end) to the…
Timing – valves, injection and ignition
Diesel engines Timing methods vary widely in different engine designs, but all must be set exactly as even a small timing error can stop the engine or seriously damage it.…
The work cycle
A sequence of four operations called the work cycle must occur for engines to work: Induction – a charge of air (diesels) or air/fuel mix (petrol) is directed into the cylinder…
State Space Model
The state space model of Linear Time-Invariant (LTI) system can be represented as, ˙X=AX+BU Y=CX+DU The first and the second equations are known as state equation and output equation respectively. Where, · X…
Control Systems – Controllers
The various types of controllers are used to improve the performance of control systems. In this chapter, we will discuss the basic controllers such as the proportional, the derivative and…
Compensators
here are three types of compensators — lag, lead and lag-lead compensators. These are most commonly used. Lag Compensator The Lag Compensator is an electrical network which produces a sinusoidal…
Nyquist Plots
Nyquist plots are the continuation of polar plots for finding the stability of the closed loop control systems by varying ω from −∞ to ∞. That means, Nyquist plots are…
Polar Plots
we have two separate plots for both magnitude and phase as the function of frequency. Let us now discuss about polar plots. Polar plot is a plot which can be…
