Layered Tasks
We use the concept of layers in our daily life. As an example, let us consider two friends who communicate through postal mail The process of sending a letter to…
Communication Technologies – Hacking
Unauthorized access to data in a device, system or network is called hacking. A person hacking another person’s system is called hacker. A hacker is a highly accomplished computer expert who…
Communication Technologies – Cookies
Cookies are small text files with their unique ID stored on your system by a website. The website stores your browsing details like preferences, customizations, login ID, pages clicked, etc. specific to that…
Wireless Technologies
Wireless connection to internet is very common these days. Often an external modem is connected to the Internet and other devices connect to it wirelessly. This eliminated the need for…
Communication Technologies – VoIP
VoIP is the acronym for Voice over Internet Protocol. It means telephone services over Internet. Traditionally Internet had been used for exchanging messages but due to advancement in technology, its service…
Network Protocols
Network Protocols are a set of rules governing exchange of information in an easy, reliable and secure way. Before we discuss the most common protocols used to transmit and receive data…
Network Devices
Hardware devices that are used to connect computers, printers, fax machines and other electronic devices to a network are called network devices. These devices transfer data in a fast, secure and…
Switching Techniques
In large networks, there may be more than one paths for transmitting data from sender to receiver. Selecting a path that data must take out of the available options is called switching. There…
What is Physical Layer & The Function of Physical Layer
The physical layer is the lowest layer of the OSI model. This layer controls the way unstructured, raw, bit -stream data is sent and received over a physical medium. This layer…
Retrospective on Ethernet
Ethernet is a set of technologies and protocols that are used primarily in LANs. It was first standardized in the 1980s as IEEE 802.3 standard. It has been around since…
