Advantages & Disadvantages of Plane Table Survey
1. Meaning of Plane Table Surveying: Plane table Surveying also called plane tabling, is a method of surveying in which field-work and office work are done simultaneously on a plane…
Surveying and Leveling
Contour Interval The vertical distance between any two consecutive contours is known as a contour interval. For example, if the various consecutive contours are 100m, 98m, 96 m etc., then…
Correction for curvature & Refraction
For long sights and accurate levelling work, the effects of curvature of the earth and refraction of the line of sight shall have to be taken into consideration. Due to…
DIFFERENT TYPES OF LEVELS
(1). The Dumpy Level: The telescope of the dumpy level is rigidly fixed to its supports. It cannot remove from its supports nor can it be rotated about its longitudinal axis.…
Leveling & Contouring: Definitions
Definition: A line joining points of equal elevations is called a contour line. It facilitates depiction of the relief of terrain in a two dimensional plan or map. Characteristics of…
Other uses of theodolite in surveying
To measure something from closely we might need a theodolite. This instrument really needed for building constructional work. In the field of civil engineering, workers need this to measure each…
Adjustment of a Closed Traverse
Adjustment of a closed traverse includes: 1. Adjustment of Angular Error. 2. Adjustment of Bearings. 3. Adjustment of Closing Error. 1. Adjustment of Angular Error: (a) Angular Error: The theoretic…
Traverse
Surveyors typically measure positions in series. Starting at control points, they measure angles and distances to new locations and use trigonometry to calculate positions in a plane coordinate system. Measuring…
LATITUDES AND DEPARTURES
The latitude of a line is its projection on the north-south meridian and is equal to the length of the line times the cosine of its bearing. The departure of a line…
