Introduction to Link Capacity Dimensioning
Model of ATS Ground Voice Network Apart from a number of new technologies which are currently implemented in air traffic control for the exchange of messages the ground/ground (G/G) voice communication is still very significant and is currently irreplaceable. The problem regarding introduction of new technologies that would replace voice communication lies in insufficient development and linking of very expensive ATM (Air Traffic Management) systems that have been already in implementation for a number of years. The best indicator showing this is the implementation of MFC (Multi Frequency Coding) standard which is still being implemented in the majority of Eurocontrol member countries. The introduction of advanced automatic message exchange system in ATM will result in the reduction of voice communication in coordination. It will not be possible, however, to perform the implementation of the new systems that will enable exchange of data essential for the coordination, integrally for all the ATM users, so that voice communication will continue to be implemented either as a basic service or as a backup service. In order to realize the planning and dimensioning of the telecommunication network for G/G voice communication which is to be the basic task of this paper, it is necessary to have all the data on the relevant network parameters that may affect the very operation…
Introduction to Stability of switched stochastic nonlinear systems
Hybrid systems are digital real-time systems which are embedded in analog environment. Analog part of the hybrid system is described with differential equations and discrete part of the hybrid systems is an event driven dynamics which can be described using concept from discrete event systems (Cassandras & Lafortune, 2008) and (Tabuada, 2009). In this paper we will consider the switched systems which can be viewed as higher-level abstraction of hybrid systems (Liberzon, 2003) and (Sun & Ge, 2005).We model each subsystem of a switched system by differential equation. There are two ways for analysis of stability of switched deterministic systems. The first one is a construction of common Lyapunov function. Find the common Lyapunov functions is a difficult task (Narendra & Balakrishnan, 1994). The second one utilizes multiple Lyapunov functions for analysis of switched systems (Branicky, 1998). In this paper we will consider a stability of switched stochastic systems. We assume that (i) there is no jump in the state at switching instants and (ii) there is no Zeno behaviour, i.e. there is finite number of switches on every bounded interval of time. The situation with jump in the state of x at the switching instants is considered in (Guan et. al., 2005) and (Li et al., 2005). In recent years the stochastic hybrid systems become hot research topic. There are a few approaches to the problem. In the stochastic setting we have jump diffusion as the solution of stochastic differential equation driven by Levy process which is a linear combination of time, Brownian motion and pure jump process (Oksendal & Sulem, 2005). Close to deterministic hybrid systems is the concept of Piecewise deterministic …
Introduction to Dynamic Airspace Management
Models and Algorithms Global air transport has been growing for decades and is expected to continue increasing in the future. The development of the air transport system has significantly increased the demands on airspace system resources. During the past several years, the operational concept of Dynamic Airspace Management has been developed to balance the mushrooming demands and limited airspace resources. The Dynamic Airspace Management is an important approach to extend limited airspace re- sources by using them more efficiently and more flexibly. Under the Dynamic Airspace Man- agement paradigm, the national airspace is administrated as a unified resource with tempo- rary utilization clearances assigned to various airspace users on demand and reclaimed at the end of the utilization period. The structure of airspace can be changed as well if needed. The airspace system typically has civil users and military users. In China, for example, most of the airspace is administrated by the military except for a few air routes reserved for civil avi- ation, that resemble a lot of tubes through the airspace. The air transport system is restricted not only by insufficient airport capacities (as in the United States) and sector capacities (as in Europe), but also by the structure and the management policy of air route networks. When there is a temporary increase of the air traffic demands or a decrease of airspace capacities, the civil air traffic controllers usually have to apply for additional routes from the military. In the last two decades, the models and algorithms for Air Traffic Flow Management (ATFM) have been …
Engine Room Bottom Platform Explored
We have been reading a lot about the engine room of the ship and layout of components on various platform. We have also learnt about the engine control room. In this article we will take…
Diagnosing Causes of High EGT in Marine Engines
There are several common reasons for high exhaust temperatures in marine diesel engines, but MOST causes can be attributed to a scavenge fire and/or a defective fuel valve, both of…
Altimeter
Description A barometric altimeter consists of a barometric capsule linked to a pointer by a suitable mechanical or electronic system. The pointer moves across the dial in response to changes…
Machmeter
Article InformationCategory:Flight TechnicalContent source:SKYbraryContent control:SKYbrary Definition A machmeter is an instrument which provides an indication of the Mach Number, (M), which is the ratio between the aircraft true air speed (TAS) and the…
Use of Lubricants and Lubricant Parameters on Ships
The use of lubricants and lubricant parameters on ships is an important role managed by the main engine lube oil system. This consists of a pump that pressurizes the oil,…
Air Speed Indicator
An air speed indicator (ASI) is a device for measuring the forward speed of the aircraft. The ASI uses the aircraft pitot-static system to compare pitot and static pressure and thus determine…
Fresh Water from Sea Water on Ships
When preparing for a voyage ships take on fresh water which is supplemented throughout the voyage by water making plants. Fresh water is used in motorships as an engine component…
