Genetic code
The genetic code is the set of rules used by living cells to translate information encoded within genetic material (DNA or mRNA sequences of nucleotide triplets, or codons) into proteins. Translation is accomplished by the ribosome, which links amino acids in an order specified…
RNA Processing in Eukaryotes
mRNA Processing Eukaryotic pre-mRNA receives a 5′ cap and a 3′ poly (A) tail before introns are removed and the mRNA is considered ready for translation. Pre-mRNA Processing The eukaryotic…
The RNA world
Biologists used to view RNA as a lowly messenger — the molecule that carries information from DNA to the protein-building centers of the cell. But discoveries since the early 1980s…
Difference Between Prokaryotic And Eukaryotic Transcription
A process by which the information stored in the DNA is transferred to an mRNA through the synthesis of RNA is known as transcription. In spite of the similar overall…
Inhibitors of Transcription or Translation
Bacteria, like mammalian cells, must synthesize proteins for self-maintenance and replication. DNA serves as the "instruction manual;" it provides the information necessary for protein synthesis. The first step in this…
Steps of Genetic Transcription
Transcription takes place in the nucleus. It uses DNA as a template to make an RNA (mRNA) molecule. During transcription, a strand of mRNA is made that is complementary to…
What Are mRNA, rRNA and tRNA?
RNA is a critical component of every single living cell in the universe. Without it, life as we know it could not exist. There are three types of RNA, each…
D-loop replication
D-loop replication is a proposed process by which circular DNA like chloroplasts and mitochondria replicate their genetic material. An important component of understanding D-loop replication is that many chloroplasts and mitochondria have a single circular chromosome like bacteria instead of the linear chromosomes found in eukaryotes. However, many chloroplasts and mitochondria have…
Non-coding DNA
The vast majority of the human genome is comprised of non-coding DNA (genes only account for ~ 1.5% of the total sequence) § Historically referred to as ‘junk DNA’, these non-coding regions are…
Inhibition of Nucleic Acid Synthesis
In a bacterial cell, or any kind of cell for that matter, the nucleic acids DNA and RNA are incredibly important molecules. When a cell divides, it must first replicate…
