Reciprocating Air Compressors
The name compression ring describes its function in the piston. These are sets of rings which can be easily identified as they occupy the top most position, above the oil…
Heat Treatment
Heat Treatment is the controlled heating and cooling of metals to alter their physical and mechanical properties without changing the product shape. Heat treatment is sometimes done inadvertently due to manufacturing processes that either heat or cool the metal such as welding orforming. Heat Treatment is often associated with increasing the strength of material, but it can also be used to alter certain manufacturability objectives such as improve machining, improve formability, restore ductility after a cold working operation. Thus it is a very enabling manufacturingprocess that can not only help other manufacturing process, but can also improve product performance by increasing strength or other desirable characteristics. Steels are particularly suitable for heat treatment, since they respond well to heat treatment and the commercial use of steels exceeds that of any other material. Steels are heat treated for one of the following reasons: 1. Softening 2. Hardening 3. Material modification Softening: Softening is done to reduce strength or hardness, remove residual stresses, improve toughness, restore ductility, refine grain size or change the electromagnetic properties of the steel. Restoring ductility or removing residual stresses is a necessary operation when a large amount of cold working is to be performed, such as in a cold-rolling operation or wiredrawing. Annealing — full Process, spheroidizing, normalizing and tempering austempering, martempering are the principal ways by which steel is softened. Hardening: Hardening of steels is done to increase the strength and wear properties. One of the pre-requisites for hardening is sufficient carbon and alloy content. If there is sufficient Carbon content then the steel can be directly hardened. Otherwise the surface of the part has to be Carbon enriched using some diffusion treatment hardening techniques. Material Modification: Heat treatment is used to modify properties of materials in addition to hardening and softening. These processes modify the behavior of the steels in a beneficial manner to maximize service life, e.g., stress relieving, or strength properties, e.g., cryogenic treatment, or some other desirable properties
Torque converter
Principle : Engine torque + reaction torque= Output turbine torque Oil is used as working fluid. Components of a Torque Converter Torque Converter Specification
Steel | Types and Manufacturing
Steel is an alloy of iron and carbon, with carbon content upto a maximum of 1.5%. Most of the steel produced now-a-days is plain carbon steel or simply carbon steel. It is…
Need of a Differential
Car wheels spin at different speeds, especially when turning. Each wheel travels a different distance through the turn, and that the inside wheels travel a shorter distance than the outside…
Classes Of Fire
Let us also understand the classes of fires. Class A These are fires that involve some solid material like, clothers, paper, junk-heap, wood etc. Class B These are fires that involve…
Comparison between MacPherson Double Wishbone Suspension Systems
Two of the most popular suspensions systems for passenger cars today are the double wishbone suspension system and the MacPherson strut suspension system. While it is more usual to see…
Anti-Lock Braking System
Anti-Lock Braking System is a safety system that allows the wheels on a motor vehicle to continue interacting tractively with the road surface as directed by driver steering inputs while braking, preventing the wheels from locking up (that…
Heat Exchanger Designs
Calculations for heat exchanger designs use heat transfer parameters such as convection heat transfer coefficients, overall heat transfer coefficients, and log mean temperature differences. These calculations are needed for shell…
Non-Destructive testing (NDT)
NDT is the method of detection and measurement of properties or condition of materials, structures, machines without damaging or destroying their operational capabilities. Examples ofNDT are: magnetic dust method, penetrating liquid method, ultrasonic test and radiography. All NDTs are used to detect various types of flaws on the surface of material or internal inclusions of impurities and these techniques are also very useful during preventive maintenance and repair. There are few techniques which do not require any special apparatus and are quite simple to handle and only a moderate skill being required. Some of the applications of NDTs are detecting: (i) surface cracks (ii) material composition (iii) internal inclusions (iv) internal voids and discontinuities and (v) condition of internal stresses.
