Land Acquisition and Development
Land acquisition for developmental purposes, i.e., for making roads, constructing dams and irrigation canals, establishing manufacturing industries and for urban development has been going on since long, and has also generated…
INFORMAL CREDIT MARKETS
In this chapter we review the different ways in which the literature has dealt with modeling informality in credit markets instead of labour markets, in a partial equilibrium context. Models…
INFORMALITY IN THE LABOUR MARKET EARLY CONTRIBUTIONS
There are different ways of modeling the informal sector adopting a non-Marshallian view of labour markets.19 Starting from the classical Harris-Todaro framework, early modeling in this area has been very prolific.…
Informal credit markets
Informality in credit markets is strong in many developing countries like India, Pakistan, Indonesia, Brazil and many African countries, but also in emerging market countries like China. Unfortunately, data on…
Causes and Impact of Informality
What is the impact of informality on the formal economy? Loayza (1996) tests for Latin American countries in the 1990s predictions from his theoretical model: Countries with large tax burden and weak…
The Size of the Informal Economy
What is the size of the informal economy in the world? In general, data on the size, composition and contribution of informality is limited and international comparison of the scale…
How Do We Measure the Informal Economy?
How do we measure the informal economy? There are two approaches in the literature in attempting to respond this question. The first focuses on measures of hidden income, while the…
Productivity of Land
Productivity of land refers to extent of efficiency. The productivity of land can be expressed by following measures: 1. Average Productivity of Land: Average productivity of land is defined as…
Importance of Land
Land is considered the primary factor of production. Land is rich in coal, water and petroleum, which are used for generating power. Land is required to construct factories and industries…
Functions of Land
The primary occupations are agriculture, dairying, animal husbandry and poultry farming. These essential activities are not possible without land. Manufacturing industries depend totally on land for raw materials. Land provides…
