TIMBER GRADING
Wood has a wide range of physical and mechanical properties. These properties, and the correlations between them, vary from species to species and depend on growth conditions such as climate…
10 Steps to Designing Climate-Responsive Architecture
Buildings contribute close to half of the energy use in the United States. Since energy is the number one contributor to global warming, an obvious way to mitigate climate change…
Built Form and Air Movement
The configuration and pattern of massing of the built form can largely determine and modify the air movement both in and around the buildings. Depending on the relationship between the…
Glass Types for Building Envelope Products
There are typically four different glass types used in glazing products: From weakest to strongest they are: Annealed, Heat Strengthened, Tempered and Laminated. 1. Annealed glass is your basic non-impact…
Cavities & Air Spaces
In principle, use of cavities is similar to use of a insulating material. If an air space is left between two layers making a wall or roof in any building,…
Heat Loss to the Ground
The ground temperature under and next to a building is generally very close to the annual average temperature. This means that the temperature difference between the inside of most buildings…
Thermal Bridging
Heat flow deviates from one-dimensional at corners, parapets, intersections between different assemblies, etc. When heat flows at a much higher rate through one part of an assembly than another, the…
Thermal Control in Buildings
Heat flow can be a transient or a steady process. In the transient state, temperature and/or heat flow vary with time. Steady-state heat flow occurs when the temperature and heat…
Heat loads in the interior of the building
Steady state conditions do not occur in nature. The equation and calculation methods given below are valid if and only if, both out-door and indoor temperatures are constant. The basis…
Heat transfer
Majority of Heat transfer takes place in buildings through building envelope. Building envelope consists of walls, roof, and fenestrations (openings). Heat transfers through walls and roof is by conduction and…
