Web Caches
A Web cache – also called a proxy server – is a network entity that satisfies HTTP requests…
The Conditional GET
By storing previously retrieved objects, Web caching can reduce object-retrieval delays and…
User-Server Interaction: Authentication and Cookies
We mentioned above that an HTTP server is stateless. This simplifies server design, and…
HTTP Message Format
The HTTP specifications 1.0 ( and 1.1 ) define the HTTP message formats. There are two types…
Non-Persistent and Persistent Connections
HTTP can use both non-persistent connections and persistent connections. Non-persistent connections is the…
The World Wide Web: HTTP
In the 1980s the Internet was used by researchers, academics and university…
Asynchronous Transfer Mode (ATM) Networks
Thus far, our focus has been on the Internet and its protocols.…
Internet Backbones, NAPs and ISPs
Our discussion of layering in the previous section has perhaps given the…
The Network Edge
In the previous sections we presented a high-level description of the Internet…
Protocol Layers and Their Service Models
From our discussion thus far, it is apparent that the Internet is…


