Basics
Animal Body Planes and Cavities
A standing vertebrate animal can be divided by several planes. A sagittal plane divides the body into right and left…
July 14, 2021 · Rajil TLBasics
Basics
The Animal Body: Basic Form and Function
Figure 14.1 An arctic fox is a complex animal, well adapted to its environment. It changes coat color…
July 14, 2021 · Rajil TL
Basics
Gestation
Pregnancy begins with the fertilization of an egg and continues through to the birth of the individual. The…
July 14, 2021 · Rajil TL
Basics
The Ovarian Cycle and the Menstrual Cycle
The ovarian and menstrual cycles are regulated by hormones of the hypothalamus, pituitary, and ovaries (Figure 13.17). The…
July 14, 2021 · Rajil TL
Basics
Hormonal Control of Reproduction
The human male and female reproductive cycles are controlled by the interaction of hormones from the hypothalamus and…
July 14, 2021 · Rajil TL
Basics
Gametogenesis (Spermatogenesis and Oogenesis)
Gametogenesis, the production of sperm and eggs, involves the process of meiosis. During meiosis, two nuclear divisions separate…
July 14, 2021 · Rajil TL
Basics
Human Reproduction
As in all animals, the adaptations for reproduction in humans are complex. They involve specialized and different anatomies…
July 14, 2021 · Rajil TL
Basics
Development and Organogenesis
The process by which an organism develops from a single-celled zygote to a multi-cellular organism is complex and…
July 14, 2021 · Rajil TL
Basics
Fertilization
The fusion of a sperm and an egg is a process called fertilization. This can occur either inside…
July 14, 2021 · Rajil TL
Basics
Sexual Reproduction
Sexual reproduction is the combination of reproductive cells from two individuals to form genetically unique offspring. The nature…
July 14, 2021 · Rajil TL