General Concepts 2 min read
Crop Planting
The growth of a new crop begins with the planting of seed or transplanting of seedlings. After planting, seeds must…
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Mechanical properties of soils
Shear strength If a soil specimen is subjected to shear stress the shear stress-strain diagram may look like one of…
General Concepts 2 min read
Mechanics of Tillage Tools
Soil texture One aspect of the physical properties of soil, its texture, is described by the percent of particles in…
General Concepts 4 min read
Cultivators
There are basically three types of cultivators: field cultivators, row crop cultivators, and rotary cultivators. Field cultivators are often used…
General Concepts 1 min read
Spike-tooth, tine-tooth, and spring-tooth harrows
These tillage tools are used in the final seedbed preparation. They are also used for post-planting operations to breakup soil…
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Disk harrows
Disk harrows differ from disk plows in that there is no tilt angle and several blades are mounted on a…
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Secondary tillage in conventional tillage systems
Any tillage operations performed after the primary tillage are called secondary tillage. Generally, several secondary tillage operations are performed before…
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Stubble-mulch plows and Tillers
Stubble-mulch plows are made of wide V-shape sweeps that operate at shallow depth of 10 cm or less. The purpose…
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Chisel plows & Subsoilers
Chisel Plow A chisel plow (Figure 8.9) is an implement designed for primary tillage at depths from 15 to 46…
General Concepts 2 min read
Disk tillers
The disk tiller (Figure 8.8) is also known as one-way disk plow, vertical-disk plow, harrow plow, and wheatland plow. It…
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Disk plows
The common disk plow consists of a series of disk blades mounted individually on a frame as shown in Figure…
General Concepts 3 min read
Primary tillage in conventional tillage systems
Most farmers use only one primary tillage operation after harvesting a crop. An exception is when a farmer uses a…