Material Science

Fracture

Fracture, in mineralogy, appearance of a surface broken in directions other than along cleavage planes. There are several kinds of fractures:…

senseadmin

November 29, 2021

Material Science

The Vickers hardness test method consists of indenting the test material with a diamond indenter, in the form of a right pyramid with a square base and an angle of 136 degrees between opposite faces subjected to a load of 1 to 100 kgf. The full load is normally applied for 10 to 15 seconds. The two diagonals of the indentation left in the surface of the material after removal of the load are measured using a microscope and their average calculated. The area of the sloping surface of the indentation is calculated. The Vickers hardness is the quotient obtained by dividing the kgf load by the square mm area of indentation. When the mean diagonal of the indentation has been determined the Vickers hardness may be calculated from the formula, but is more convenient to use conversion tables. The Vickers hardness should be reported like 800 HV/10, which means a Vickers hardness of 800, was obtained using a 10 kgf force. Several different loading settings give practically identical hardness numbers on uniform material, which is much better than the arbitrary changing of scale with the other hardness testing methods. The advantages of the Vickers hardness test are that extremely accurate readings can be taken, and just one type of indenter is used for all types of metals and surface treatments. Although thoroughly adaptable and very precise for testing the softest and hardest of materials, under varying loads, the Vickers machine is a floor standing unit that is moreexpensive than the Brinell or Rockwell machines.…

Jacob

September 14, 2021

Material Science

Copper Alloys

• Brasses and Bronzes are most commonly used alloys of Cu. Brass is an alloy with Zn. Bronzes contain tin, aluminum, silicon or beryllium. • Other copper alloy families include copper-nickels and nickel silvers. More than 400 copper- base alloys are recognized. Applications - Electrical wires, - roofing, nails, rivets - Automotive radiator - core, lamp fixture, - clutch disk, - diaphragm, fuse clips, - springs - Furniture, radiator - fittings, battery clamps, - light fixtures - Bearings, bushings,…

Jacob

September 14, 2021