FUEL: a matter which can readily burn is called “FUEL”.
1) SOLID FUEL: WOOD, PAPER, COTTON.
A) TINDER FUEL: occupy more than 20sqcm/gm.
B) KINDLING F.: occupy 2-20sqcm/gm.
C) BULK F: occupy 0.04-2sqcm/gm.
2) LIQUID FUEL: PETROL, DIESEL, KEROSENE ETC.
A) LIGHTER THEN WATER: which has density less then water (water density= 1000kg/m3)
e.g.: PETROL, DIESEL.
B) HEAVIER THEN WATER: have density greater then water.
e.g. CARBON DI-DISULPHIDE. (CS2 = 1300KG/cube M).
C) MISCIBLE IN WATER: which mix in water. e.g. ALCOHOL.
3) GASEOUS FUEL: LPG, CNG, HYDROGEN.
A) LIGHTER THEN AIR: which has vapor density less then air (air = 1.22521 kg/m3).
B) HEAVIER THEN AIR: which has vapor density greater then air. e. g LPG.
air is composed of two main gases, oxygen and nitrogen. other co2, helium etc are negligible. air contains 21 % oxygen is “NONFLAMMABLE” it just supports combustion process.
minimum percentage of oxygen in air required to support combustion is 16%.
A) DEFINITION: heat is a form of energy. it measured in calories and B.T.U
(Fahrenheit = 1 b.t.u )
B) UNITS:
CALORY: THE AMOUNT OF HEAT REQUIRE TO RAISE 1 DEGREE TEMP OF 1 GRAM WATER IS CALLED 1 CALORY.
B.T.U: ENERGY REQUIRE TO RAISE 1 DEGREE TEMP OF 1 POUND WATER ..
(1 B.T.U = 1 FAHRENHEIT)
C) SPECIFIC HEAT: ENERGY REQUIRED TO RAISE 1 DEGREE OF ANY 1 gm SUBSTANCE.
D) LATENT HEAT: 1. LATENT HEAT OF VAPORIZATION.
2. LATENT HEAT OF FREEZING
LATENT HEAT OF VAPORIZATION.:
Amount of heat required to convert 1 gm of water in to vapor is called latent heat of vaporization of water.(at 100 degrees , 540 calories/gm needed for water)
LATENT HEAT OF FREEZING:
Amount of heat required to convert 1 gm of water in to solid ice is called lattent heat of vaporization of water.(at 0 degree , 80 calories/gm needed to convert water to ice)
