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– Using inside information to set-up a business opportunity for oneself or family or friends. – Buying stock in the company for which one works is not objectionable but it should be based on the same information available to the public. – The use of any company secrets by employee to secure a personal gain Threatens the interest of the company.
September 14, 2021 · JacobWhen one works actually for the competitor or subcontractor as an employee or consultant. Having partial ownership or…
September 14, 2021 · Jacob‘A gift is a bribe if you can’t eat, drink or smoke it in a day’. ‘If you think that your offer of acceptance of a particular gift would have grave or merely embarrassing consequences for your company if made public, then the gift should be considered a bribe’. ‘Bribe can be said to be a substantial amount of money or goods offered beyond a stated business contract with the aim of winning an advantage in gaining or keeping the contract ’.…
September 14, 2021 · JacobConflict of Interest arises when two conditions are met: 1. The professional is in a relationship or a role that requires exercising good judgment on behalf of the interests of an employer or client and 2. The professional has some additional or side interest that could threaten good judgment in serving the interests of the employee or client. E.g. When an engineer is paid based on a percentage of the cost of the design and there is no incentive for him to cut costs- The distrust caused by this situation compromises the engineers’ ability to cut costs and calls into question his judgement.
September 14, 2021 · Jacob– Employees are obliged to protect confidential information regarding former employment, after a change of job. – The confidentiality trust between employer and employee continues beyond the period of employment. – But, the employee cannot be forced not to seek a change of job. – The employer’s right to keep the trade secrets confidential by a former employee should be accepted at the same time, the employee’s right to seek career advancement cannot also be denied.
September 14, 2021 · Jacob1. Based on ordinary moral considerations: I. Respect for autonomy: – Recognizing the legitimate control over private information (individuals or corporations). – This control is required to maintain their privacy and protect their self-interest. II. – Respect for Promise: Respecting promises in terms of employment contracts not to divulge certain information considered sensitive by the employer III. – Regard for public wellbeing: Only when there is a confidence that the physician will not reveal information,…
September 14, 2021 · Jacob– Privileged information: ‘Information available only on the basis of special privilege’ such as granted to an employee working on a special assignment. – Proprietary information: Information that a company owns or is the proprietor of. This is primarily used in legal sense. Also called Trade Secret. A trade secret can be virtually any type of information that has not become public and which an employer has taken steps to keep secret. – Patents: Differ from trade secrets. Legally protect specific products from being manufactured and sold b y competitors without the express permission of the patent holder. They have the drawback of being public and competitors may easily work around them by creating alternate designs.
September 14, 2021 · Jacob– Information considered desirable to be kept secret. – Any information that the employer or client would like to have kept secret in order to compete effectively against business rivals. – This information includes how business is run, its products, and suppliers, which directly affects the ability of the company to compete in the market place – Helps the competitor to gain advantage or catch up
September 14, 2021 · Jacob– ‘Public Service Argument’ is an argument against collective bargaining. – The paramount duty of engineers is to serve the public. – Unions, by definition, promote the interests of their members and whenever there is a clash of interests, the interest of the general public is ignored by them. Though the argument is a valid one, it looks at the worst possible scenarios with unions and decides that engineering unions act only irresponsibly. – A body of engineers can promote engineers’ interest within limits set by professional concern for the public good. Benefits of Collective Bargaining. a) Unions have created healthy salaries and high standard of living of employees. b) They give a sense of participation in company decision making. c) They are a good balance to the power of employers to fire employees at will. d) They provide an effective grievance redressal procedure for employee complaints. Harms Caused by Collective…
September 14, 2021 · JacobNational Society of Professional Engineers (NSPE) Code states, “The engineer ………will act in professional matters for client, or employer as a faithful agent or trustee……………He will not actively participate in strikes, picket lines or other coercive action” Meaning that when one is a faithful trustee of one’s employer he cannot actively participate in any collective forcible action. Board of Ethical Review argued that engineers have a higher standard than self-interest and that their ethical duty is to act for their employer as a faithful agent or trustee. Collective bargaining is inconsistent with loyalty to employers because it – is against the desires of the employer – uses force or coercion against the employer and – involves collective and organized opposition. But every instance of such conduct need not be unethical. An example: Three engineers sincerely feel that they are underpaid. After their representations to their bosses are in vain, they threaten their employer, politely, that they would seek employment elsewhere. Here, even though, they act against the desires of their employer and have acted collectively, they have not acted unethically or violated their duty. Conclusion:…
September 14, 2021 · Jacob