The Cytoplasm
The cytoplasm comprises the contents of a cell between the plasma membrane…
The Plasma Membrane
Like prokaryotes, eukaryotic cells have a plasma membrane (Figure 3.9) made up…
Comparing Prokaryotic and Eukaryotic Cells
Cells fall into one of two broad categories: prokaryotic and eukaryotic. The…
Introduction to Cell Structure and Function
Figure 3.1 (a) Nasal sinus cells (viewed with a light microscope), (b)…
DNA Double-Helical Structure
DNA has a double-helical structure. It is composed of two strands, or…
Nucleic Acids
Nucleic acids are key macromolecules in the continuity of life. They carry the…
Proteins, Hormones & Amino acids
Proteins Protiens are one of the most abundant organic molecules in living…


