X.25
Special Instructional Objective On completion of this lesson, the student will be able to: · State the key features of X.25 · Explain the frame format of X.25 · Specify the function of…
Titanic Facts
1.Titanic Was Built at Harland and Wolff, Belfast. 2.Titanic Had 24 double-ended and 5 single-ended boilers 3.The Center Propeller had 4 blades and the wing propellers both starboard and port…
Physical Configuration and Network Elements
Three basic devices used in the SONET system are shown in Fig. 4.3.1. Functions of the three devices are mentioned below: · Synchronous Transport Signal (STS) multiplexer/demultiplexer: It either multiplexes signal…
Why Synchronize?
In a synchronous system such as SONET, the average frequency of all clocks in the system will be the same (synchronous) or nearly the same (plesiochronous). Every clock can be…
Wärtsilä 32GD main technical data
The Wärtsilä 32GD has been developed to set new standards in the market for high performance, fuel-flexible engines. The Wärtsilä 32GD is a four-stroke, gas-diesel engine, which means that the…
Synchronous Optical Network (SONET)
Specific Instructional Objectives At the end of this lesson the student will be able to: · Explain the operation of a SONET network · Explain the function of different SONET layers · Specify…
Datagram Packet Switching Networks
This approach uses a different, more dynamic scheme, to determine the route through the network links. Each packet is treated as an independent entity, and its header contains full information…
Engine working principle of dual-fuel (DF) engines
The dual-fuel engine utilizes a “lean-burn” otto combustion process when operating on gas. Here, the gas is mixed with air before the intake valves during the air intake period. After…
Packet Switching
The basic approach is not much different from message switching. It is also based on the same ‘store-and-forward’ approach. However, to overcome the limitations of message switching, messages are divided…
Message Switching
In this switching method, a different strategy is used, where instead of establishing a dedicated physical line between the sender and the receiver, the message is sent to the nearest…
