Biotech Materials | Bio-Plastics | Bio-Fabrics
Today, various automobile parts are made from plastics, which are reliant on the supply of petroleum. There is a need to find new materials for these parts so we can…
Common Rail Type Fuel Injection System
Electronic control common rail type fuel injection system drives an integrated fuel pump at an ultrahigh pressure to distribute fuel to each injector per cylinder through a common rail. This…
Technology of Hydrogen Fuelled Rotary Engine
This hydrogen engine takes advantage of the characteristics of Mazda’s unique rotary engine and maintains a natural driving feeling unique to internal combustion engines. It also achieves excellent environmental performance…
Introduction to Stratified Charge Combustion in a Spark-Ignition Engine With Direct Injection System
Constructors of gasoline engines are faced with higher and higher requirements as regards to ecological issues and an increase in engine efficiency at a simultaneous decrease in fuel consumption. Satisfaction…
Introduction to Combustion Process in the Spark-Ignition Engine with Dual-Injection System
In these times injection is the basic solution of supplying of fuel in the Spark-Ignition (SI) engines. The systems of fuel injection were characterized by different place of supplying of…
Introduction to Premixed Combustion in Spark Ignition Engines and the Influence of Operating Variables
In the context of a Spark Ignition engine, the inherent complexity of premixed combustion is exacerbated by a range of engine variables that render the process highly transient in nature…
Introduction to Hydrogen fuelled scramjet combustor
The scramjet engine is one of the most promising propulsive systems for future hypersonic vehicles. Over the last fifty years the scramjet engine technology has been intensively investigated and several such engines have been flight-tested in recent years (Neal, Michael, & Allan, 2005; Paul, Vincent, Luat, & Jeryl, 2004). Research on supersonic combustion technologies is of great significance for the design of the engine and many researchers pay significant attention to the hypersonic airbreathing propulsion. The mixing and diffusive combustion of fuel and air in conventional scramjet engines take place simultaneously in the combustor (Huang, Qin, Luo, & Wang, 2010). Since the incoming supersonic flow can stay in the combustor only for a very short period of time, i.e. of the order of milliseconds (Aso, Inoue, Yamaguchi, & Tani, 2009; Huang et al., 2010; Hyungseok, Hui, Jaewoo, & Yunghwan, 2009), and the whole process of combustion has to be completed within this short duration, this is a significant restriction to the design of the scramjet engine. In order to solve this problem, hydrogen, one of the most promising fuels for the airbreathing engine with ~10 times faster reaction than hydrocarbons, is widely used in the scramjet combustor. In recent years, a cavity flameholder, which is an …
Introduction to Accurate Modelling of an Injector for Common Rail Systems
It is well known that the injection system plays a leading role in achieving high diesel engine performance; the introduction of the common rail fuel injection system (Boehner & Kumel, 1997; Schommers et al., 2000; Stumpp & Ricco, 1996) represented a major evolutionary step that allowed the diesel engine to reach high efficiency and low emissions in a wide range of load conditions. Many experimental works show the positive effects of splitting the injection process in several pilot, main and post injections on the reduction of noise, soot and NOx emission (Badami et al., 2002; Brusca et al., 2002; Henelin et al., 2002; Park et al., 2004; Schmid et al., 2002). In addition, the success of engine downsizing (Beatrice et al., 2003) and homogeneous charge combustion engines (HCCI) (Canakci & Reitz, 2004; Yamane & Shimamoto, 2002) is deeply connected with the injection system performance and injection strategy. However, the development of a high performance common rail injection system requires a considerable investment in terms of time, as well as money, due to the need of fine tuning the operation of its components and, in particular, of the electronic fuel injector. In this light, numerical simulation models represent a crucial tool for reducing the amount of experiments needed to reach the final product configuration. Many common-rail injector models are reported in the literature. (Amoia et al., 1997; Bianchi et al., 2000; Brusca et al., 2002; Catalano et al., 2002; Ficarella et al., 1999; Payri et al., 2004). One of the older common-rail injector model was presented in (Amoia et al., 1997) and suc- cessively improved and employed for the analysis of the instability phenomena due to the control valve behaviour (Ficarella et al., 1999). An important input parameter in this model was …
Introduction to Effect of injector nozzle holes on diesel engine performance
The four-stroke direct-injection diesel engine typical was measured and modeled by Bakar et al (2007) using GT-POWER computational model and has explored of diesel engine performance effect based on engine speeds. GT-POWER is the leading engine simulation tool used by engine and vehicle makers and suppliers and is suitable for analysis of a wide range of engine issues. The details of the diesel engine design vary significantly over the engine performance and size range. In particular, different combustion chamber geometries and fuel injection characteristics are required to deal effectively with major diesel engine design problem achieving sufficiently rapid fuel-air mixing rates to complete the fuel- burning process in the time available. According to Heywood (1988) and Ganesan (1999), a wide variety of inlet port geometries, cylinder head and piston shapes, and fuel-injection patterns are used to accomplish this over the diesel size range. The engine ratings usually indicate the highest power at which manufacturer expect their products to give satisfactory of power, economy, reliability and durability under service conditions. Maximum torque and the speed at which it is achieved, is usually given also by Heywood (1988). The importance of the diesel engine performance parameters are geometrical properties, the term of efficiency and other related engine performance parameters. The engine efficiencies are indicated thermal efficiency, brake thermal efficiency, mechanical efficiency, volumetric…
Introduction to Experimental study of spray generated by a new type of injector with rotary swinging needle
Numerous papers have indicated that the present standard systems of injecting fuel directly into the combustion chamber, in the most economical, direct-injection diesel engines, have reached the limits of development. In order to maintain the emission of toxic components of exhaust gases within the ranges defined by both EURO V and projected EURO VI standards, various modifications to the combustion system will be necessary. It is known that injection through a conventional multi-hole nozzle, in combination with induced swirl in the air in the chamber, does not ensure that particulates and oxides of nitrogen are not formed. These toxic components are among the most difficult to subsequently remove from the exhaust gases (Hiroyasu & Arai, 1990; Peake, 1997; Kuszewski & Lejda, 2009). Effective limitation of NOX and PM emission can be achieved by providing proper macro structure parameters of the spray. First of all, it is very important to distribute fuel effectively in the combustion chamber, considering the rotary motion of the air and the spray shape (Beck et al., 1988; Dürnholz & Krüger, 1997; Kollmann & Bargende, 1997). Next, a larger range of the spray front and apex angle of spray is needed (Kollmann & Bargende, 1997; Kuszewski & Lejda, 2009). Moreover, it is important to know the distribution of fuel in the spray, because then it is possible to select the correct rotary motion of the charge in the cylinder, which will…
