Central Dogma
The ‘Central Dogma’ is the process by which the instructions in DNA are converted into a functional product. It was first proposed in 1958 by Francis Crick, discoverer of the…
Telomere
The telomeres are special structures on the chromosome ends that are essential for providing protection from enzymatic end-degradation and maintaining chromosomal and genomic stability. This is the reason why adequate…
Centromere and Chromosome Segregation
A centromere is a region on a chromosome that joins sister chromatids. Sister chromatids are double-stranded, replicated chromosomes that form during cell division. The primary function of the centromere is to serve as…
Chromosome Banding
You may talk about your genes from time to time - 'Oh, I have the gene for that.' But how do you see your genes? A gene is a functional…
Karyotypes
The isolation and microscopic observation of chromosomes forms the basis of cytogenetics and is the primary method by which clinicians detect chromosomal abnormalities in humans. A karyotype is the number and appearance…
Chromosome Morphology
In 1848, Hofmeister discovered chromosomes (chroma: color; soma: body) as darkly stained bodies in the pollen mother cells of Tradescantia and they show high affinity to basic dyes. The chromosomes…
history of bacterial growth physiology
Abstract Arguably, microbial physiology started when Leeuwenhoek became fascinated by observing a Vorticella beating its cilia, my point being that almost any observation of microbes has a physiological component. With…
Morphology of Bacterial cell
Morphology means systematic study of external characters of bacteria. Morphology of bacterial cell deals with study of Size of bacteria.Shape of bacteria.Arrangement of bacteria. Size of bacteria. Size of bacterial…
A Brief History of Microbiology
Microbiology has had a long, rich history, initially centered in the causes of infectious diseases but now including practical applications of the science. Many individuals have made significant contributions to…
Transport Medium used in Microbiology Laboratory (Viral & Bacterial)
Transport medium is special media formulated to preserve a specimen and minimize bacterial overgrowth from the time of collection to the time it is received at the laboratory to be…
