Phase-contrast Microscopy
Phase-contrast Microscopy Unstained living cells absorb practically no light. Poor light absorption results in extremely small differences in the intensity distribution in the image.This makes the cells barely, or not…
Simple Microscope- Principle, Instrumentation and Applications
The optical microscope, often referred to as the light microscope, is a type of microscope that uses visible light and a system of lenses to magnify images of small subjects.There are two basic types of optical microscopes: Simple…
Fluorescence Microscope- Principle, Instrumentation, Applications, Advantages, Limitations
A fluorescence microscope is an optical microscope that uses fluorescence and phosphorescence instead of, or in addition to, reflection and absorption to study properties of organic or inorganic substances.Fluorescence is…
Electron Microscope- Principle, Types, Components, Applications, Advantages, Limitations
An electron microscope is a microscope that uses a beam of accelerated electrons as a source of illumination.It is a special type of microscope having a high resolution of images, able to magnify objects…
Compound Microscope- Principle, Instrumentation and Applications
Compound Microscope- Principle, Instrumentation and Applications The term microscope can be split into two separate words, ‘micro’ and ‘scope’, where the term ‘micro’ means small or tiny, and ‘scope’ means to view or to observe. Therefore, a…
Microscopes – Microbiology
Microscopes You have probably figured out that microbes (AKA microorganisms) are pretty small, right? Yeah, well, size isn’t everything. But numbers, that is something. If you were to take one…
Robert Koch
Robert Koch, in full Robert Heinrich Hermann Koch, (born Dec. 11, 1843, Clausthal, Hannover —died May 27, 1910, Baden-Baden, Ger.), German physician and one of the founders of bacteriology. He discovered the anthrax disease cycle…
10 MAJOR CONTRIBUTIONS OF LOUIS PASTEUR
Louis Pasteur (1822 – 1895) was a French scientist, whose discoveries provided clear evidence relating germs to diseases, paving the way for a golden era in bacteriology in which the causes of many diseases were…
Introduction to the Chemistry of Life
Figure 2.1 Foods such as bread, fruit, and cheese are rich sources of biological macromolecules.The elements carbon, hydrogen, nitrogen, oxygen, sulfur, and phosphorus are the key building blocks of the…
Carbon Dating
Carbon-14 (14C) is a naturally occurring radioisotope that is created in the atmosphere by cosmic rays. This is a continuous process, so more 14C is always being created. As a…
