Basics
Innate Immunity
The vertebrate, including human, immune system is a complex multilayered system for defending against external and internal threats…
July 14, 2021 · Rajil TLLatest articles
Basics
Viruses and Disease
Viruses cause a variety of diseases in animals, including humans, ranging from the common cold to potentially fatal…
July 14, 2021 · Rajil TLBasics
Steps of Virus Infections
A virus must “take over” a cell to replicate. The viral replication cycle can produce dramatic biochemical and…
July 14, 2021 · Rajil TLBasics
Introduction to the Immune System and Disease
Figure 12.1 (a) This smallpox (variola) vaccine is derived from calves exposed to cowpox virus. Vaccines provoke a…
July 14, 2021 · Rajil TLBasics
The Central Nervous System
The central nervous system (CNS) is made up of the brain and spinal cord and is covered with…
July 14, 2021 · Rajil TL
Basics
Nervous System
As you read this, your nervous system is performing several functions simultaneously. The visual system is processing what…
July 14, 2021 · Rajil TL
Basics
Muscles
Muscles allow for movement such as walking, and they also facilitate bodily processes such as respiration and digestion.…
July 14, 2021 · Rajil TL
Basics
Musculoskeletal System
The muscular and skeletal systems provide support to the body and allow for movement. The bones of the…
July 14, 2021 · Rajil TLBasics
Endocrine System
The endocrine system produces hormones that function to control and regulate many different body processes. The endocrine system…
July 14, 2021 · Rajil TLBasics
The Circulatory System
The circulatory system is a network of vessels—the arteries, veins, and capillaries—and a pump, the heart. In all…
July 14, 2021 · Rajil TL