The FCC catalyst material
Structure and composition The FCC process as described above sets a number of demands for catalyst parameters: • Activity, selectivity and accessibility: first of all, the catalytic properties to convert…
Process and reactor design
Although a number of different designs exist for the FCC process,a number of general principles can be described on the basis of Fig. 3. FCC, or at least the cracking reaction,…
Fluid catalytic cracking: some background
A short history Commercial production of petroleum dates back to 1859, when Colonel Edwin L. Drake found “rock oil” in Titusville (PA, USA). The initial petroleum products were refined in…
Fluid catalytic cracking
Fluid catalytic cracking (FCC) is one of the major conversion technologies in the oil refinery industry. FCC currently produces the majority of the world's gasoline, as well as an important…
Comparison of thermal cracking and hydrocracking yield distributions
Generic coker kinetics and simulation modelThe coking chemical reaction has been studied for many years by the refining industry and the kinetics are fairly well understood. A simplified coker cracking…
Feedstocks in Petrochemicals
Naphtha for Petrochemicals Feedstock Demand Projections for the Petrochemical Sector
Visbreaking Processes
There are two types of visbreaking processes: coil or soaker visbreaking. Figure 6.5a shows a schematic diagram of the coil visbreaking process. For visbreaking, the feedstock is introduced into the…
Visbreaking
Visbreaking is a mild thermal cracking process applied to reduce the viscosity of VDR to produce fuel oil and some light products to increase the distillate yield in a refinery…
Petroleum Refining Process
General Profile Petroleum refining begins with the distillation, or fractionation, of crude oils into separate hydrocarbon groups. The resultant products are directly related to the characteristics of the crude oil…
Fluid and Flexi-Coking
Fluid coking and flexi-coking are fluid-bed processes developed from the basic principles of FCC, with close integration of endothermic (cracking, coking, or gasification) and exothermic (coke burning) reactions. In fluid…
