Air Traffic Control

Introduction to Development of a Time-Space Diagram to Assist ATC in Monitoring

Continuous Descent Approaches Continuous Descent Approaches (CDA) have shown to result in considerable reductions of aircraft noise during the approach phase of the ﬂight (Erkelens, 2002). Due to uncertainties in aircraft behaviour, Air Trafﬁc Control (ATC) tends to increase the minimum spacing interval in these approaches, leading to considerable reductions of runway capacity (Clarke, 2000). To enable the application of such procedures in higher trafﬁc volumes, research has advanced in the creation of airborne tools and 4-dimensional prediction algorithms. Little research has addressed the problem of sequencing and merging aircraft in such an ap- proach, however. In this chapter we present the Time-Space Diagram (TSD) display that shows the aircraft along-track distance to the runway versus the time. On this display, the in-trail separation is presented as the horizontal distance between two predictions. It is hy- pothesised that this display will enable the air trafﬁc controller to meter, sequence and merge aircraft ﬂying a CDA at higher trafﬁc volumes. In this chapter, the TSD will be introduced and the effects of various common separation techniques on the predictions of the display are discussed in detail. The display is currently being evaluated by actual air trafﬁc controllers in a simulated trafﬁc scenario to provide an initial validation of the design. Problem statement ATC in CDA procedures According to Annex 11 to the Convention on Civil Aviation (ICAO, 2003), the primary goal of ATC is to provide service for the purpose of safe, orderly and expeditious ﬂow of trafﬁc. In approach control, this task can be described as minimising delays while maintaining suf- ﬁcient separation between the aircraft. During the TDDA, the in-trail distance between two approaching aircraft should therefore reach, but not go below, the minimal distance required. To achieve this, the primary tool common to all approach controllers is the two-dimensional…

Boomi Nathan

July 21, 2021

Air Traffic Control

Introduction to The potential of some of the innovative operational procedures for increasing the airport landing capacity

Despite continuous efforts by the air transport system operators, regulators, and researchers (academic and consultants), the problem of providing sufficient airport runway capacity to match continuously growing demand safely, efficiently, and effectively has had rather limited success. A[art from growing demand, the specific environmental (mainly noise) constraints at many large airports both in US and Europe have prevented the full utilization of the designed runway capacity. The sharp concentration of atms (air transport movements) (one atm corresponds to one landing or one take off) within the rather short time periods at the hub airports due to operating the hub-and-spoke networks has created sharp peaks causing further already existing imbalance between demand and the available runway capacity. At some other airports one of which is, for example New York La Guardia airport (US), a high demand/capacity imbalance has been created simply because of their attractiveness and not primarily due the type of airline scheduling practice. In addition, specifically in the US, the operation of airports under IMC (Instrument Meteorological Conditions) and VMC (Visual…

Boomi Nathan

July 21, 2021

Air Traffic Control

Introduction to Time-based Spaced Continuous Descent

Approaches in busy Terminal Manoeuvring Areas Mitigation of aircraft noise for approaching aircraft is an area where considerable improve- ments are still possible through the introduction of noise abatement procedures, such as the Continuous Descent Approach (CDA) (Erkelens, 2000). One of the main issues when imple- menting CDAs is their negative effect on runway throughput, especially during busy oper- ations in daytime. A reduction in landing time intervals might be achieved through precise inter arrival spacing. The combination of aircraft performing the CDA controlled by precise spacing algorithms is seen as one of the solutions to safely increase runway throughput, re- duce delay times for arriving aircraft, and reducing fuel burn, emissions and noise impact (De Gaay Fortman et al., 2007; De Leege et al., 2009; De Prins et al., 2007). The main algorithms used in these researches are all based on the Flap/Gear Scheduler (FGS) developed by Koeslag (2001) and improved by In ‘t Veld et al. (2009). The FGS is evaluated in these researches to investigate the effects of different ﬂight path angles, different types of aircraft, different aircraft weight conﬁgurations and different wind conditions on FGS perfor- mance. The FGS is also combined with time and distance based spacing algorithms to ensure proper spacing between aircraft in arrival streams. There are more spacing algorithms developed to control the Time-based Spaced CDA (TSCDA),…

Boomi Nathan

July 21, 2021

Introduction to Legal aspects of Air traffic management based on satellite navigation

Boomi Nathan

July 21, 2021

Introduction to Development of a Time-Space Diagram to Assist ATC in Monitoring

Boomi Nathan

July 21, 2021

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Introduction to ATM systems and Wind Farms

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Introduction to Stability of switched stochastic nonlinear systems

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Boomi Nathan

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Introduction to Dynamic Airspace Management

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Boomi Nathan

July 21, 2021