Skip to content
Tue, Oct 13, 2026 / Ideas for a clearer worldINDEPENDENT INSIGHTS · PRACTICAL TOOLS · EXPLAINERS
Sign in
EXPLORE THE FIELD

Basics

Basics

Land surveying and its importance

Surveyors play an integral role in land development, from the planning and design of land subdivisions through to…

July 21, 2021 · Prabhu TL
Basics

CLASSIFICATION OF SURVEYING

 Generally, surveying is divided into two major categories: plane and geodetic surveying. LANE SURVEYING  PLANE SURVEYING is a…

July 21, 2021 · Prabhu TL
Basics

Measuring Principles

Although there are many EDM instruments available, there are basically only two methods of measurement employed, namely the…

July 21, 2021 · Prabhu TL
Basics

Field surveying

Introduction This chapter is designed to introduce you to the various surveying techniques used to obtain the original…

July 21, 2021 · Prabhu TL
Basics

Distance Adjustment

To eliminate or minimize the systematic errors of taping, it is necessary to adjust each measured bay to…

July 21, 2021 · Prabhu TL
Basics

Distance measurement

Distance is one of the fundamental measurements in surveying. Although frequently measured as a spatial distance (sloping distance)…

July 21, 2021 · Prabhu TL
Basics

EQUIPMENT

The equipment used in the levelling process comprises optical levels and graduated staffs. Basically, the optical level consists…

July 21, 2021 · Prabhu TL
Basics

Bench mark (BM)

In order to make OD accessible to all users throughout the country, a series of permanent marks were…

July 21, 2021 · Prabhu TL